KWin/ja

空っぽのKDE4.5のデスクトップ

信頼性と柔軟性があるKDE Plasmaデスクトップのためのウィンドウマネージャ。エフェクトもついています!

Feature Overview

• 安定性と信頼性があります
• コンポジットと３Dエフェクトがあります
• 簡単に設定できます
• より効率よく作業できます

KWin ("kwin"と一言で発音されます)は、KDEプラズマデスクトップのためのウィンドウマネージャです。Kwinは、あなたがウィンドウを完全に管理できるようにします。 Kwinは、あなたの作業の邪魔をせず、むしろ助けてくれます。Kwinは各ウィンドウの閉じるボタンや最大化、最小化ボタン(設定できます)があるタイトルバーの装飾を描画してくれます。また、ウィンドウの配置や、切り替えも担当します。

KWinはウィンドウ操作時に3Dエフェクトのついたコンポジェットに対応しています。そのため、ウィンドウ操作をよりなめらかに、簡単に、効率的に、自然に行なえます。それに必要なシステム要件はかなり控えめなので、2002年以降のシステムは、かなりのものが要件を満たしています。しかし、特定のハードウェアにはまだ問題があるので、それらに関する情報はtechbaseで手に入れることができます。

Practical Features

ウィンドウの装飾を右クリックするか、 システム設定 新しくて簡単なKWinの設定を行えます。そこであなたのウィンドウ管理をより効率的にするエフェクトを有効化することができます。例えば、ウィンドウの切り替えエフェクトをグリッド状に整列された現在のウィンドウの表示に切り替えられます。アイコンやとても小さいプレビューではないため、正しいものをすばやく選べます。Alt-Tabのキーショートカットを使用し、Altを押し続けます。それによって、タブを使用してウィンドウを切り替えれます。また、マウスを使って正しいものを選択することもできます。 Alt-Tab キーをすばやく押すと、前のようにウィンドウを切り替えられます。

If your X server already supports compositing, switching it on is as easy as opening System Settings, opening the Worskpace Appearance and Behaviour module, choosing Desktop Effects and enabling the checkbox Enable desktop effects at startup. More advanced compositing settings (such as Use VSync, Scale method, Compositing type) are available through the Advanced dialog. Customising the behaviour of the KWin effects means opening the All effects tab, and choosing the plugins you want to use. Please note that only a subset of the plugins works with XRender-based compositing. For the full experience, you need to use OpenGL mode.

Employing motion physics, KWin provides your windows with a more natural feel. New desktop effects like the Cube desktop switcher and Magic Lamp minimize animation have been added. Improvements in the existing effects make window management smoother than ever. KWin has seen many performance improvements to enable these effects even on low-end hardware. Elaborate checks have been build in to ensure users with low-end hardware are not presented with an unusable setup. KWin detects the capabilities of the hardware and if needed gracefully scales its effects down. You can take control and disable these checks or change settings like the global animation speed to fine-tune your experience. When your computer is under heavy load, KWin will automatically disable the compositing temporarily to keep things running smoothly. It will notify you if it does so, and you can re-enable compositing by pressing Shift+Alt+F12. Finally, support for multiple screen handling has been improved in KWin using the new Kephal library. You can move maximized windows between Xinerama screens and the addition of external screens is handled correctly.

More information about what was introduced in KDE SC 4.9 can be found at the following link:

• kwin improvements

Tutorials

You want an application to launch in a specific size and position every time

Size and Position

Sometimes the screen position of an application is vital to your comfort, so use the flexibility of KWin to make sure it's always where you want it.

Position the window where you want it to open, then right-click on the title-bar, choosing Advanced -> Special Window Settings. This will open a settings window, with appropriate entries already made. All you need to do now is select the Size & Position tab and check Position and Size. OK - you are finished!

Script the window manager from the command line

Use the WMIface utility.

Customise the position of titlebar buttons

Configure Buttons

Take a look at System Settings -> Application Style -> Window Decorations -> Buttons tab. The options open to you may depend on your distribution or theme, and it's clear that there is more to come.

To simply move things around you work with the specimen titlebar - that is the dark blue bar with a large KDE on it. Drag icons there and you will see them move in the preview window at the bottom of the screen.

You may find that you have other icons available to you. A circle indicates that the button will set that window on all desktops. Another icon that you may find useful is Shade - a toggle between rolled up (titlebar only visible) and normal view. These icons are added by dragging from the text description window onto the speciman title bar - just position them as you want to use them.

If you prefer a Classic, KDE3-style Desktop

Change to traditional desktop

Right-click on your desktop - select Desktop Settings (or Appearance Settings, in some distros). Change the Layout: from Desktop to Folder View. The whole desktop is now a folderview, and another right-click on the desktop will allow you to select FolderView Settings. Set the folderview to the directory you want to use as your desktop.

Open applications directly into a different desktop

Use commands like

kstart5 --desktop 4 kate

Using with small screens (eg Netbooks)

Make the window decorations smaller

Breeze, Plastik, and Oxygen Styles

System Settings -> Application Style -> Window Decorations tab. Two good options there:

Configure Breeze Style

• Using the default style (Breeze), select Configure Decoration and set Button size to Tiny or Small.
• Using an other style, with smaller windows decorations.

Both routes will give you slim and functional window titles and borders.

Change the base fonts

On many netbooks the screen is very clear, so that reading fonts much smaller than you expect is feasible. On Acer Aspire One I find that 8 point is a good base settings.

Make Firefox use smaller fonts

Experimentation with about:config did not bring satisfactory results. Do this instead. Download and install gtk-chtheme from this website. Using that tool you can either set a specific font size, or better still, tell it to use your KDE desktop settings. This will work with Firefox as well as any gtk applications that you use.

KMail's Aggregation options take up too much space

See this FAQ to change it.

KMail's Folder-List Tooltips hide too many folder names

See this FAQ to change their behaviour

Gallery

The Gallery holds many screenshots of past and present desktops and effects.

Troubleshoot Graphics Problems

Curing graphics problems depends on knowing the correct drivers for your graphics card. Learn more about this on the Desktop Effects Performance page.

Defining Window Rules

There is a tutorial on defining your own rules for the behaviour of specific windows on the KWin Rules pages.