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Revision as of 13:51, 9 June 2010
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Denne side er tænkt som en ikke-teknisk referenced med links til yderligere information eller demonstration.
En generel oversigt
Denne KDE 4.0 Visuelle Guide: og dette 4.1 screencast giver et udemærket overblik over de tidlige udgaver af KDE Software Collection 4.
Den følgende ordliste er ment som en hjælp til at finde vej gennem alle de nye navne og begreber. I nogle tilfælde kan du finde et link fra et KDE 3 begreb til det tilsvarende begreb, som bruges i forbindelse med KDE SC 4 software.
- Aktiviteter (Activities)
- Aktiviteter er samlinger af Plasma widgets, som har deres eget wallpaper - lidt lige som virtuelle skriveborde, men ikke helt.
- For eksempel kan du have en "arbejdsaktivitet" med commit rss feeds, en note med din huskeseddel, en Mappevisning med dine arbejdsrelaterede filer og et neutralt wallpaper.
- Ved siden af det har du din "fritidsaktivitet" med visning af familjebilleder, rss feeds fra dine yndlingsblogs, en Mappevisning med din filmsamling, en twitter applet og selvfølgelig det Irom Maiden wallpaper, som du har haft siden de tidlige 80ere.
- Præcis kl. 5 skifter du fra arbejdsaktiviteten til din fritidsaktivitet.
- Yderligere information:
- Akonadi
- Mekanisme for lagring og tilgang til alle PIM (Personlig Informations Manager) data i KDE SC 4. Et samlet lagrings- og tilgangssystem muliggør en effektivitet og fleksibilitet, som ikke var mulig under KDE 3, hvor hver PIM komponent havde sit eget system. Bemærk, at Akonadi ikke ændrer dataformater (vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir etc.) - det er blot en ny måde at tilgå og opdatere data.
- De væsentligste årsager til Akonadis design og udvikling er af teknisk natur. Det handler fx om at have én måde at tilgå PIM-data (kontakter, kalendere, emails og lignende) fra forskellige applikationer (fx KMail og KWord) og såleden undgå at skulle løse de samme programmeringsopgaver mange steder.
- Et andet mål er at afkoble grafiske applikationer som KMail fra direkte tilgang til eksterne ressourcer som mail-servere; disse var tidligere en væsentlig kilde til programfejl og problemer med applikationernes ydelse og responsivitet.
- Yderligere information
- aRts
- Lydsystemet i KDE 2 og 3. Det havde problemer når to lydkilder blev afspillet samtidig. På Plasma-skrivebordet er det blevet erstattet med Phonon.
- Yderligere information:
- Containment
- Containments er det højeste niveau for gruppering af widgets. Hver Containment håndterer layout og konfigurationsdata for sine widgets uafhængigt af andre Containments.
- Det betyder, at du kan gruppere widgets indenfor en Containment efter deres betydning for dit arbejdsmønster og ikke være afhængig af mappestrukturen.
- D-Bus
- Et system til kommunikation mellem applikationer udviklet af Red Hat. D-Bus er påvirket af KDE3's DCOP, som det erstatter.
- Yderligere information:
- Dolphin
- Dolphin er den fil manager, som bruges som standard i KDE SC 4. Den har både et sidepanel (Steder) og et 'brødkrumme spor' oven over hovedvinduet. Delte vinduer er mulige, og visninger kan anvendes på individuelle vinduer. Montering og afmontering af USB enheder kan klares i sidepanelet. Andre mapper kan føjes til Steder-panelet. En trævisning er også mulig.
- Yderligere information:
- Extender
- En Extender er en speciel slags popup, som for eksempel kan vokse ud af et Plasma panel, og som har aftagelige dele. Extender er et nyt begreb, som blev indført i Plasma med KDE 4.2. Systembeskeder bruger allerede dette system. Dette muliggør for eksempel, at en bruger kan trække en systembesked om en filoverførsel eller en filkopiering ud på skrivebordet og følge den der. Det samme kan gøres med andre slags systembeskeder.
- Yderligere information:
- Flake
- Flake er et programbibliotek til brug for KOffice2. Det håndterer Former (Shapes), hvori indhold kan vises og Værktøjer (Tools) til at håndtere indholdet. Former kan forstørres, formindskes og roteres, og flere Former kan kobles sammen og fungere som en enkelt Form. Tekst kan flyde rundt om Former.
- Yderligere information:
- Hent smarte nye ting
- Hent smarte nye ting (Get Hot New Stuff, GHNS) er en åben standard, som gør det let for brugere at hente og installere forskellige udvidelser til deres applikationer. Vores implementering af GHNS bruges af Plasma (for eksempel til at få nye skrivebordstemaer) og af mange applikationer og widgets.
- Yderligere information:
- Hjemmemappe
- Mappen, hvor alle dine filer gemmes. Du kan gemme filer uden for denne mappe, men alle applikationer er konfigureret til at foreslå, at du gemmer her, så det er nemmest at samle alle dine ting her.
- Yderligere information:
- KControl
- KDEs kontrolcenter for globale indstillinger i KDE3. I KDE SC 4 erstattes den af Systemindstillinger.
- KDOM
- A KPart module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. KSVG2 is built on KDOM for KDE SC 4.
- KHTML
- KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE Plasma desktop, as used by the Konqueror browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. A new introduction, Qt WebKit is also for Plasma and other application development.
- Kicker
- In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the Panel), on which application launchers, the Pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See Panel
- Kickoff
- In KDE SC 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. 'Favorites' replaces the 'Most used applications' in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE SC 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
- More info:
- KJS
- KDE platform's JavaScript engine.
- KInfoCenter
- Kinfocenter originated as part of Kcontrol standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE SC 4 up until 4.4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid, and is being reintroduced as an application in KDE SC 4.5.
- More Info:
- KIO
- KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
- Kiosk
- Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the adminisration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.
- KPart
- A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.
- Kross
- Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.
- KRunner
- The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
- More info:
- KSVG
- KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.
- KWin
- KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
- More info:
- Mini-CLI
- See KRunner
- Nepomuk
- 'Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge', Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
- More info:
- Oxygen
- Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring 'a breath of fresh air' to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
- More info:
- Pager
- A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.
- Panel
- See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name 'kicker' is dropped, and the name 'panel' is the norm. 'Applets' are largely replaced by Widgets
- Phonon
- A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
- More info:
- Plasma
- In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
- More info:
- Qt
- (Pronounced 'cute') A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
- More info:
- Solid
- Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into 'domains'. The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
- Soprano
- Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
- Strigi
- A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
- System Settings
- KDE SC 4's replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE platform.
- More info:
- Threadweaver
- This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
- More info:
- Virtual Desktops
- A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.
- WebKit
- HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE SC 4, where it is available through Qt.
- More info:
- Widget
- Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).
- X-Server
- The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.
- XMLGUI
- A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
- More info:
- ZUI
- The Zooming User Interface. "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
- More info:
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