What is a distribution/it

Cos'è una distribuzione (distro)

Linux è diverso - ma non preoccuparti

There is a whole new language - but you can learn it a little at a time as you go along. This page sets out to explain some of the things that are fundamentally different, so that you are immediately more comfortable.

Quindi cos'è una distro?

There is no equivalent in the Windows world. The basis of any distribution is the linux kernel, which is frequently updated, but is the same for everyone. On top of that there are other layers which can affect how your desktop looks. Most people do not want to have to make all those decisions - and it takes a lot of technical skill to set up a desktop doing it all yourself- so distributions are made. Think of it in terms of brand names. You may have Mageia, Fedora, Debian, Kubuntu or one of many others. All will offer you the same applications - you will be able to follow tutorials in any of them - but they will have their own look and feel, and sometimes there are minor differences.

When you find a difference and don't know what to do

If you find that the instructions don't work for you, visit the forum and ask. Someone will help you with the differences.

If you feel more comfortable asking questions by chatting, How to chat with other KDE users will help you set up and get chatting

Quante distribuzioni esistono?

Esistono molte distribuzioni e ogni giorno ne spuntano sempre di nuove. Se vuoi una visione completa di quante e quali sono le distribuzioni Linux, dai un occhio qui: DistroWatch.

The number of distributions is overwhelming, but don't worry. Unless you have very specific needs, most distros should be fine. Things to look out for are:

• La distribuzione supporta il mio hardware?

• E' stata aggiornata di recente - ad esempio, nell'ultimo anno o giù di lì?

• Il software che voglio è facilmente reperibili (ad esempio nei repository, in modo da non dover compilare da solo i sorgenti) e ben integrato nel sistema?

• E' supportata la mia lingua?

It can be difficult to find all the information you need from the distro homepages. Fortunately, many distros support Live CDs allowing you to test before installing.

How to make installation media

The most common method to get a distribution is to download it from the distributions homepage. Beware, that distributions are large - typically 500 MB to 4 GB, so you need a fast web connection. Alternatively, some distributions offer to ship an installation CD or DVD for a small charge. Also some Linux magazines come with a DVD, and often carry a full distro. Perhaps the easiest solution is to ask a friend - if you know any Linux users. Most distros are open source, so it is perfectly legal to copy and redistribute them.

Quando scarichi la distribuzione ti ritrovi in mano un unico grande file con estensione .iso. A questo devi masterizzarla o in un CD, o in un DVD, o in una pen-drive. Importante: non devi masterizzarla come si fa di solito, cioè non devi copiare il file iso nel supporto scelto. Il tuo programma di masterizzazione ha una funzione particolare per masterizzare questo tipo di file, detti file immagine.

Note

I supporti ottici avviabili (bootable media) sono molto delicati, sarebbe opportuno settare la velocità di masterizzazione ad una velocità relativamente bassa, come ad esempio a 4x per i CD e a 2x per i DVD.