Dolphin/File Management/el

Εξερευνήστε τον Dolphin

Το πρώτο τμήμα αποτελεί μια ξενάγηση στον Dolphin. Το δεύτερο τμήμα ασχολείται με τους διάφορους τύπους σελιδοδεικτών. Στο τρίτο κομμάτι συζητάμε για τη διαχείριση αρχειοθηκών. Τέλος, ρίχνουμε μια σε 'Περισσότερα ενδιαφέροντα πράγματα'. Μπορείτε να κάνετε κλικ στις εικόνες για να τις προβάλετε σε μεγέθυνση.

Πληροφορίες

Όπου αναφέρονται διαδρομές, υπενθυμίζουμε ότι μπορεί να αναφέρονται στην ~/.kde ή στην ~/.kde4, ανάλογα με τη διανομή σας

Γενικές πληροφορίες

Dolphin ή Konqueror;

Ο συγκεκριμένος οδηγός περιγράφει τον Dolphin για την έκδοση KDE SC 4. Ο Konqueror ήταν ο πρότυπος διαχειριστής αρχείων στις εκδόσεις 2 και 3 του KDE . Μπορείτε να χρησιμοποιήσετε τον Konqueror ως πρότυπο διαχειριστή αρχείων και στην KDE SC 4. Για να το κάνετε αυτό, από την KDE SC 4.2 κι εμπρός, ανοίξτε τις Ρυθμίσεις συστήματος και πηγαίνετε στο άρθρωμα Προκαθορισμένες εφαρμογές. Μπορείτε να επιλέξετε τον Konqueror ή μια γκάμα άλλων εφαρμογών ως τον προκαθορισμένο διαχειριστή αρχείων.

Εισαγωγή στον Dolphin

Ο Dolphin είναι ο διαχειριστής αρχείων του KDE Software Compilation.

Θα σας δείξουμε πως να χρησιμοποιείτε τον Dolphin για τυπικές εργασίες διαχείρισης αρχείων και πως να τον διαμορφώσετε σύμφωνα με τις ανάγκες σας.

Όταν ανοίγετε τον Dolphin από το μενού Kickoff εμφανίζεται η αρχική σας τοποθεσία - προκαθορισμένα, η τοποθεσία αυτή είναι ο κατάλογος Αρχική.

Για να ανοίξετε ένα αρχείο ή για να πάτε σε έναν φάκελο απλά κάντε κλικ πάνω του. (Αυτό μπορείτε να το αλλάξετε σε διπλό κλικ στις Ρυθμίσεις συστήματος -> Διαχείριση υπολογιστή -> Πληκτρολόγιο & Ποντίκι, εφόσον προτιμάτε. Ορισμένες διανομές θέτουν τη λειτουργία με το διπλό κλικ ως την προεπιλεγμένη.) Στο KDE 4.5 αυτό μπορεί να γίνει από τις Ρυθμίσεις συστήματος -> Υλικό -> Συσκευές εισόδου -> Ποντίκι

Για να επιλέξετε και να από-επιλέξετε αρχεία και φακέλους περάστε με το ποντίκι πάνω από το εικονίδιό τους και κάντε κλικ στο σύμβολο συν, το οποίο αναδύθηκε, για επιλογή ή στο σύμβολο πλην για από-επιλογή. Όπως παρακάτω:

Όταν κάνετε κλικ στο σύμβολο συν, το συγκεκριμένο αρχείο ή φάκελος προστίθεται στα επιλεγμένα. Μπορείτε να επιλέξετε πολλαπλά αρχεία με τον ίδιο τρόπο. Η επιλογή μπορεί επίσης να πραγματοποιηθεί με το σύρσιμο ενός τετραγώνου (κάποιες φορές αποκαλείται και μέθοδος "λαστιχάκι") καθώς και επιλογή και από-επιλογή πατώντας Ctrl + click για μια επιλογή κάθε φορά ή Shift + click για συνεχόμενο εύρος.

Η επιλογή πολλών αρχείων εμφανίζεται κάπως έτσι:

Δημιουργία νέου φακέλου: Μπορείτε να δημιουργήσετε έναν φάκελο στον ενεργό κατάλογο επιλέγοντας στο βοηθητικό μενού (το μενού στο δεξί κλικ) -> Δημιουργία νέου ή με τη συντόμευση F10.

Καρτέλες: Ο Dolphin υποστηρίζει περιήγηση με καρτέλες. Μπορείτε για παράδειγμα να ανοίξετε μια νέα καρτέλα από το μενού Αρχείο -> Νέα καρτέλα (αν έχετε ενεργοποιήσει τη γραμμή μενού), πατώντας Ctrl + T ή κάνοντας μεσαίο κλικ στο εικονίδιο φακέλου και τα εικονίδια περιήγησης.

Σημείωση

Από την έκδοση KDE 4.7, η γραμμή μενού του Dolphin είναι κρυμμένη, αλλά μπορείτε να τη βρείτε και να την επαναφέρετε εύκολα. Αν προτιμάτε να εμφανίζεται η γραμμή μενού, μπορείτε να την ενεργοποιήσετε επιλέγοντας Έλεγχος -> Εμφάνιση γραμμής μενού ή πατώνταςCtrl + M.

Ο Dolphin ανοίγει προκαθορισμένα όταν κάνουμε κλικ σε οποιονδήποτε φάκελο. Μπορείτε επίσης να τον εκκινήσετε από το μενού Kickoff.

Γραμμή τοποθεσίας

Ο Dolphin ενσωματώνει μια έννοια που κάνει τη χρήση της γραμμής τοποθεσίας γρηγορότερη και ακριβέστερη: έτσι χρησιμοποιείται η γραμμή τοποθεσίας με ιχνηλάτηση. Αντί της πλήρους τοποθεσίας, εμφανίζονται ως κουμπιά μόνο τα σημεία περιήγησης με αφετηρία μια από τις τοποθεσίες. Κάνοντας κλικ σε ένα από αυτά τα κουμπιά βρίσκεστε απευθείας σε αυτόν τον φάκελο. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο μπορείτε να φτάσετε στον γονικό φάκελο από έναν υπό-φάκελο πολύ γρήγορα.

Ανάμεσα στα κουμπιά που αναπαριστούν φακέλους υπάρχει ένα μικρό βέλος το οποίο κι αυτό είναι ένα κουμπί. Κάνοντας κλικ στο βέλος μπορείτε να δείτε όλους τους υπό-φακέλους του ίδιου επιπέδου με τον τρέχοντα, κάτι που κάνει την αλλαγή καταλόγου πολύ γρήγορη.

Γρήγορη αλλαγή καταλόγου

There is also a classical location bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can right click on the Location Bar and select Show Full Path. If you want the Location bar to become editable, trigger the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + L or select Control -> Location Bar -> Editable Location . By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can switch to an editable Location Bar as well. If the editable style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the location bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.

Split View

Dolphin offers the possibility to split the current folder view so that two folder views are displayed next to each other as known from Midnight Commander. This is a very comfortable view to copy or move files from one folder to another.

You can split the view by clicking on Split in the tool bar or, if you have enabled menu bar, View -> Split (keyboard shortcut F3). To change back to only one folder view you can click on Close or just press F3 again. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.

Of course each view has its own location bar and each view can use a different view mode.

View mode

Dolphin supports three different view modes: "Icons", "Details" and "Compact". These can be changed from Control -> View Mode , via the menu View -> View Mode (if menu bar is enabled) or via the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+1 (Icons), Ctrl+2 (Compact) and Ctrl+3 (Details). There is also a button for each view mode in the toolbar and the context menu of the folder view offers a submenu View mode to change the view mode.

Icons

Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in the view mode "Icons". Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This behaviour can be turned on/off via the menu View -> Preview (if menu bar is enabled) or via the main toolbar button Preview. There is a size limit for the file previews. This size limitation can be configured via Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> General option File Previews -> Maximum file size. There is also an option to use thumbnails embedded in files. In KDE 4.5 Previews are enabled (and maximum size defined) by Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> General page -> Preview tab. Starting from KDE 4.8, the aforementioned settings can be configured via Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes.

The files in the currently selected folder are sorted in alphabetical order by default. The way of sorting can be changed via menu Control -> Sort by. The following sort criteria are available:

• Name
• Size
• Date
• Permissions
• Owner
• Group
• Type
• Link Destination
• Path

Additionally the sorting sequence can be defined by Control -> Sort by -> Descending or Control -> Sort by -> Folders First.

There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via Control -> Additional Information or View -> Additional Information (if menu bar is enabled). In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.

You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via Control -> Show in Groups or View -> Show in Groups (if menu bar is enabled). Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.

Details

In view mode "Details" additional information is displayed by default in contrast to view mode "Icons". All files are listed in a tabular. The context menu of the table header offers the possibility to add additional columns. The following columns are available:

• Size
• Date
• Permissions
• Owner
• Group
• Type
• Link Destination
• Path

Column "Name" is always displayed. By clicking on the header of one of the columns the table will be sorted by this column. By clicking on the same column header the sorting sequence is reversed.

Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. Plus sign has been replaced by > symbol in newer KDE versions. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which displays a minus now (or an arrow pointing downwards in latest versions), again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. In latest KDE releases, the tree view is enabled by default, but can be deactivated via Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details with option Expandable Folders.

Columns

View mode "Columns" was inspired by the file manager Finder of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder did not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder was listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This could be used for several hierarchies, so that you could navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system. Since KDE 4.8, view mode "Columns" has been dropped and will not be available in future Dolphin releases.

Setting defaults for all folders

Under Control -> Adjust View Properties (or under the menu item View -> Adjust View Properties if you have enabled menu bar) you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.

Panels

Dolphin contains several panels, which can be activated via menu Control -> Panels. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to unlock panels (right clik on a panel and select Unlock Panels), click on the header and Drag&Drop the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.

In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above Dolphin. The window is still combined with Dolphin and cannot be displayed without Dolphin and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.

Non Modal Dialogs

When Moving, Copying or Deleting files/directories the dialog disappears even when the operation has not yet completed. A progress bar then appears in the bottom right of the screen, this then disappears also, if you want see the progress you need to click a small (i) information icon in the system tray.

Warning

New users who are not used to this way of working (and even experienced users) can get caught out by this, if you are Moving, Copying or Deleting large directories then you need to use the icon to monitor the progress of your operation. If you don't then any subsequent actions you do, may well use an incomplete file structure resulting in corrupted files. You have been warned!

Places

Dolphin contains a new kind of bookmarks Places. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Places (keyboard shortcut F9). The default Places are identical to the ones shown in the category Computer of the K-Menu Kickoff.

By clicking one of these places it will be opened in the current folder view. The context menu offers the possibility to edit the places or to remove them again. It is also possible to hide entries temporarily.

The context menu of a folder can be used to add this folder an another entry to the Places panel. Therefore there is a menu item Add to Places. You can also Drag&Drop a folder to the Places panel.

The places panel also contains entries to connected removable devices like USB-keys or CDs. A small plug icon indicates if the device is mounted. The context menu offers the possibility to unmount the device.

The places are used as the basis in the breadcrumb navigation bar. Each address is shown in relation to the nearest parent folder which is one of the places.

Information

The information panel can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Information (keyboard shortcut F11). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.

The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop Nepomuk which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.

The Information Panel

Tip

If you are wondering about missing mp3 ID tags (title, time ...) with some files it is most likely that ID3 Version 2 tags are missing. You can add ID3 version 2 tags with KID3 for example.

Folders

A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via Control -> Panels -> Folders (keyboard shortcut F7). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the > and ˇ signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.

Terminal

The terminal emulator Konsole can be displayed directly in Dolphin via Control -> Panels -> Terminal (keyboard shortcut F4). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in Dolphin. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. Shift + F4 opens Konsole in new window.

Dolphin with a Terminal

External links

Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)

Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror

Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin

Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin

Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin

Bookmarks and Places

In KDE3 you could create bookmarks in Konqueror, but they were not available to any other application. KDE SC 4.x opens up a great deal more flexibility - but that inevitably means more complication. In fact KDE SC 4 has three classes of Bookmarks, which need to be differentiated. They reside in different files, and have different functions.

KDE3 Konqueror didn't share bookmarks

Three kinds of bookmark

First, there is the set of bookmarks available only to Konqueror - web bookmarks. These are stored in ~/.kde/share/apps/konqueror/bookmarks.xml. Then there is a set which Dolphin calls Places. This set is available to all applications as well as the Dolphin file manager. Every time you use File -> Open you will see this set. The third set of bookmarks are Application Bookmarks. These share one file, regardless of the application that set them, and are available to all applications, unless you restrain them to a specific application. More of that later.

Enable bookmarks

In most distros Bookmarks are not enabled by default. In order to use bookmarks we first have to enable them. Open a File -> Open in most KDE applications and you will see, at the right-hand edge of the icon panel, a spanner or wrench. From the drop-down list, choose Show Bookmarks.

Enabling Bookmarks

"Places" for system-wide navigation

There is a default set of Places -

Home

Network

Root

Trash

but you can add other places. In Dolphin, right-click on a folder and select Add to Places, or just drag a folder onto Places.

Adding a bookmark to Places

By default this "Place" will be visible in all applications. If you want to keep it constrained to Dolphin, you need to right-click on the new name in the Places list, where you will find the option to Edit it. There is a check-box for Only show when using this application (Dolphin).

This Place will only be visible in Dolphin

You can see the result of that command if you read ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfileplaces/bookmarks.xml.

In some applications too there is an option in the File menu to add a folder to Places. At this stage, however, applications vary in which features are available. The important thing to remember is that the default is for Places items to be available to all applications in the File -> Open dialogue.

Bookmarks in applications

This is the second class of bookmarks. Remember opening File -> Open and using the spanner/wrench? Next to it is a yellow star. This is the bookmark management menu.

Manage Application bookmarks here

Here you can define bookmarks that will be visible in the same menu on any application. They are stored in one file, ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml, which is used by all applications having that menu.

Constraining to one application

Some applications allow you to edit items in the Places menu. For instance, if in Gwenview you right click on a folder in Places you can set an option to Only show when using this application (Gwenview).

Constraining a bookmark to an application

If you need to constrain to an application that does not yet allow you to do that, the only way left is to edit the file ~/.kde/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml. Immediately before the </metadata> tag you will need to add the line

<OnlyInApp>appname</OnlyInApp>

Archive Management in Dolphin

Managing archives now becomes simple. In any directory in Dolphin, highlight the files that you want to compress, and right-click. Here, using the Compress option, you can elect to create a RAR archive, a Gzipped tar archive, or define another compression mode that you have already set up.

Create a new archive

Similarly, if you right-click on an existing archived file you get a range of actions added to the right-click menu. You can extract the archive to the current folder, to an autodetected subfolder or to another place of your choosing.

Should you wish to add files to an existing archive, you can choose Open with Ark.

Manage existing archives

More Cool Actions

Change a File Association on-the-fly

Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice? You can, of course, alter this in Kickoff -> Computer -> System Settings -> Common Appearance and Behavior -> File Associations. But Dolphin and Konqueror offer you a quick and cool method for changing a single association.

Right-click on the file and select Properties. The first line there is descriptive, something like:

Type: XML document

At the same level, on the right, there is a spanner (wrench). Click on that and you can add or change an association.

Similarly, by working on a folder, you can change the default file manager to/from Konqueror, if you choose, or add another image browser to the possible associations.

The Actions sub-menu

The Actions sub-menu opens up a whole lot more cool things to do from Dolphin. Some possibilities only appear when applicable to the file you have selected. Some of the options are

• Convert an image file to a different format
• Preview the file
• Download a remote file with KGet
• Sign and/or encrypt the file, according to the encryption software installed

Encode and copy audio CD tracks

• Insert an audio CD
• Navigate to this CD in Dolphin: it must appear as "Volume" in your Dolphin 'Places' or you can reach it by typing audiocd:/ in the address bar.

Dolphin presenting audio CD

You now notice that Dolphin is proposing a WAV file for each track, plus:

• a CDA folder containing indexing information in the usual CDA format.
• a Whole CD folder, containing one file for each format (.cda, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav) holding all the tracks
• a FLAC folder, containing the tracks encoded into FLAC format (lossless information format)
• an Information folder containing the CDDB informations
• an MP3 folder, containing all the tracks in MP3 format
• a Ogg Vorbis folder, containing the tracks encoded in OGG format

You then just have to copy the folder of your choice, in your preferred format to obtain the relative encoded version of your CD!

Have your recent files as home

Have your recent files always in Dolphin

Dolphin has access to a large number of file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves). One of those is provided by the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk). Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named history. You can navigate to it by entering timeline:/ in the location bar.

One particularly neat thing there is the ability to have the Today folder from the timeline:/ protocol in the Places sidebar (you can just drag it there!). You can then change the name and icon (do a right click on the new Today entry and choose Edit entry Today...).

It could be very useful to have this view of recently used files immediately when you start Dolphin. Unfortunately, as of Dolphin 2.1 (part of KDE SC 4.9) this is not possible without editing the Dolphin configuration file. See this blog for more details on that.

To edit the configuration file, first close all Dolphin windows. Dolphin will save its configuration upon closing, overwriting any changes you might make!

Then use KRunner (Alt + F2) to edit ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc (or ~/.kde/share/config/dolphinrc, depending on your distribution) with KWrite as follows: kwrite ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc. You can of course use any other editor as well, like Kate. In the configuration file, locate the [General] section to edit the HomeUrl into: HomeUrl=timeline:/today and save the file. You should now have the today view as default and have the files you're most often looking for at your fingertips!