NetworkManagement/da

Introduktion

I mange distributioner af Linux kontrolleres netværksforbindelsen af NetworkManager-dæmonen; den kan konfigureres af brugeren. I KDE er KNetworkManagmer (til KDE 3 og KDE 4) og Network Management (til KDE 4) de vigtigste brugerflader til NetworkManager.

Fejl

Rapportering af fejl

For at rapportere en fejl i Network Management skal du angive følgende information:

• Versionen af din distribution
• Er NetworkManager i brug? I nogle distributioner er det et tilvalg, da NetworkManager ikke tjener noget formål på et statisk, serveragtigt system. Stop nu, hvis det ikke er i brug.
• Versionsnummeret for Network Management appletten (NetworkManager-kde4.rpm i openSUSE, plasma-widget-network-manager i Kubuntu 9.04, plasma-widget-networkmanagment i Kubuntu Karmic, kde-plasma-networkmanagement i fedora)
• Versionen af pakken NetworkManager
• Versionen af pakken ModemManager
• Din computers hardware, hvis det ikke er en helt almindelig x86-kompatibel maskine. Er du en PPC-bruger? Så vil jeg vide det.
• Din netværkshardware (brug lshal for at finde ud af det)
• En systemlog fra NetworkManager fra et forsøg på opkobling
  • for openSUSE: /var/log/NetworkManager
  • for kubuntu: /var/log/syslog
  • for fedora: /var/log/messages

• For trådløse netværk:
  • Bruger den en skjult SSID?
  • Hvilken type trådløs sikkerhed: WEP/WPA-PSK/WPA-EAP?
  • Nøglelængde
  • Nøgletype (passphrase eller hex for WEP)
  • Ciphers (TKIP/AES)
  • Auth mekanismer (TLS/TTLS/PEAP/...)

• For mobilt bredbånd:
  • hardware
  • anvendt driver (se dmesg, når du forbinder hardwaren)
  • anvendt netværk
  • netværkstype (GSM/CDMA/UMTS)
  • hvilken apn er anvendt (hvis nogen)
  • ModemManager logs ("killall NetworkManager", "killall modem-manager", start "modem-manager --debug", "NetworkManager --no-debug") kan være nyttige for at finde ud af om NetworkManager finder din hardware.

Og meget vigtigt: Kan du etablere forbindelse med en anden klient? For eksempel nm-applet under GNOME eller cnetworkmanager fra konsollen. Hvis du kan det, så prøv venligst at vedhæfte tilsvarende information som beskrevet i slutningen af denne artikel.

Fejlhåndtering

På de fleste stationære Linux-maskiner er Network Manager den øverste i en stor og skrøbelig stak af komponenter. Det er nødvendigt for at kunne håndtere det enorme antal forskellige konfigurationer. Når en opkobling mislykkes kan der være mange forskellige årsager overalt i stakken, men symptomerne vil typisk være noget i retnig af "Connection got to 28% and then failed". Fejl, som rapporteres til bugs.kde.org bliver triaged for at finde ud af, hvor i stakken fejlen optræder, sådan at den kan rettes af de, der er ansvarlige.

Stakken

Hardwaren

Trådløs hardware har et forbløffende stort antal fejl. Disse håndteres i det næste lag, hvis du er heldig.

Kernen

Den egentlige driver, som kontrollerer hardwaren findes her. Her er der også mange interessante fejl. Efter at et standard MAC-lag til trådløs forbindelse blev føjet til Linux-kernen, så er situationen blevet bedre. Noget hardware har ingen Linux-driver, så man kontrollerer den ved brug af værktøjet ndiswrapper, som indlæser Windows-drivere med deres fejl. Du kan se outputtet i systemloggen, og du kan komme i kontakt med driveren ved hjælp af kommandoerne i iwtools.

WPA Supplicant

wpa_supplicant er et værktøj, som har kontakt med driveren på lavt niveau og udbyder indstillinger for autentfikation og kryptering. Det er opensource og generelt af høj kvalitet. Før NetworkManager skulle brugere konfigurere det manuelt med kontrolfiler i /etc. På den måde kom nogle brugere en gang imellem i vanskeligheder. Det logger sædvanligvis til /var/log/wpa_supplicant.log. Nutildags kontrolleres det for det meste af....

NetworkManager

NetworkManager is the system daemon at the centre of the networking subsystem on most end user Linux installations. It has root privileges, needed to control the lower layers, and exposes some controls up to clients running in the user session via DBUS. It writes a log in /var/log. NM also controls DHCP clients as needed and rewrites /etc/resolv.conf with the DNS servers it has configured. NetworkManager also provides a SystemSettings service, which is responsible for reading your distribution's network configuration files (system wide) and feeding them into NetworkManager.

User Clients

KNetworkManager applet for KDE 4, Network Management Plasmoid under KDE 4, KNetworkManager under KDE 3, nm-applet under GNOME, and cnetworkmanager is your last life. These are responsible for

• giving feedback on the networking status of ths system,
• communicating the user's actions to NetworkManager and for storing
• communicating the user's network connection details (policy) to NM.

While they are the most visible part of the system, they are also the least important to making a successful connection. Since they share a standard interface to NetworkManager, they can be exchanged easily.

When Things Go Wrong

Where Does It Hurt?

Simple. Start at the top of the stack and work down. When you find something that works, you found the site of the problem. When you run out of things you can change, hand over to an expert (probably the responsible team at your Linux distribution).

1. Are you actually using NetworkManager on your system? Mandriva doesn't use it. ArchLinux uses wicd. Moblin uses Connman.
2. Try a different NetworkManager client. If that helps, continue in the next section to try and further localise the problem in Network Management. Then bugs.kde.org, product "Network Management" is the place to go.
3. Try to configure a connection using your distro's system configuration tools, so SystemSettings picks it up. It's unlikely but worth a go.
4. Try a manually configured connection via wpa_supplicant. The documentation is rather sparse but there are example configurations include in the package. Here is the list of supported hardware. If wpa_supplicant on its own works, NetworkManager is at fault. Talk to your distro or report it at bugs.freedesktop.org.
5. If that didn't work, reconfigure a wireless router to use a different (weaker) encryption type or none at all. If this works, the problem is either in wpa_supplicant or the driver. Either way, take it to your distro.

It's All KDE's Fault!

If you are reading this, you will have been able to make a connection using a different NetworkManager client.

First, make sure that you are not running another client as well as Network Management. This will lead to unpredictable results. If you were, remove and restart Network Management. You can run it externally to Plasma as

plasmoidviewer networkmanagement

if you want.

You should now try to figure out how the connection provided by Network Management differs from that provided by the other client. If you build Network Management from source you can use the tool 'qdbusfornm', which is a version of qdbus extended to handle NM's data types.

If you do not build from source, just replace

./qdbusfornm --system

by

qdbus --system --literal

in the command shown below. It is a bit harder to read but should give you the same output. If you use

qdbus --system --literal

please take the time to format the output so there is one key per line, similar to the qdbusfornm output below. This is easy and just takes time, so it is better for you to do this than a developer.

The value 0 below identifies the connection. Change it if you have more than one until you find the relevant connection.

./qdbusfornm --system org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerUserSettings/org/freedesktop/NetworkManagerSettings/0
org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerSettings.Connection.GetSettings

returns here

 a{sa{sv}}(==802-11-wireless==
 band: bg
 mode: infrastructure
 security: 802-11-wireless-security
 ssid: opensuse-guest
 ==802-11-wireless-security==
 auth-alg: open
 key-mgmt: wpa-psk
 wep-tx-keyidx: 0
 ==connection==
 autoconnect: true
 id: openSUSE
 type: 802-11-wireless
 uuid: {951cc7d9-1fa0-4525-9ab7-7199849e1b19}
 ==ipv4==
 dns-search:
 method: auto
 )

Now you should repeat using the other, working client and copy both sets of output, before attaching them securely to a bug report at bugs.kde.org. With this information we will quickly be able to implement a fix.

Crashes

If you have a crash ensure you install debugging symbols and take a backtrace. In Kubuntu you need to add the debug repository and install plasma-widget-networkmanagement-dbgsym.