Glossário
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O objectivo desta página é proporcionar uma referência de carácter não técnico e ligações para mais informação ou alguma demonstração.
Uma visão geral
Um guia visual de KDE 4.0 e um vídeo de KDE 4.1 dar-lhe-ão uma excelente visão de KDE Software Compilation 4 nos primeiros dias.
O seguinte glossário destina-se a ajudá-lo a encontrar o caminho entre a névoa de novos nomes e conceitos. Em alguns casos podes encontrar uma ligação de um componente de KDE 3 ao seu equivalente no contexto de KDE SC 4.
Actividades
- Actividades são conjuntos de elementos gráficos de Plasma que têm o seu próprio fundo de ecrã. Um pouco como Desktops Virtuais, mas não exactamente.
- Por exemplo, tem uma "Actividade de trabalho" com leitores de rss, uma nota com a lista de coisas para fazer, uma "Vista de Pasta" com os arquivos relacionados com o seu trabalho e um fundo de ecrã subtil.
- Ao lado, tem a sua "Actividade de tempo livre", com pré-visualização das fotos da família e cães, leitores de rss dos seus blogs favoritos, uma Vista de Pasta que mostra a sua colecção de filmes, uma mini-aplicação para Twitter e claro, aquele fundo de ecrã dos Iron Maiden que adora desde o início dos anos 80.
- Às 17 horas em ponto muda da sua "Actividade de trabalho" para a sua "Actividade de tempo livre".
- Mais informação:
Akonadi
- O mecanismo de acesso aos dados armazenados para PIM (Gestor de informação pessoal) em KDE SC 4. Um único sistema de armazenamento e recuperação, bem mais eficiente e extensível que em KDE 3, onde cada componente PIM tinha o seu próprio sistema. Note que o uso de Akonadi não muda o formato de armazenamento dos dados (vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir, etc.) - simplesmente proporciona uma nova maneira de aceder e actualizar os dados.
- As principais razões para desenhar e desenvolver Akonadi são de carácter técnico, como por exemplo ter uma maneira única de aceder aos dados PIM (contactos, calendários, e-mails, etc) a partir de diferentes aplicações (kmail, kword, etc), eliminando assim a necessidade de escrever código similar aqui e ali.
- Another goal is to de-couple GUI applications like kmail from the direct access to external resources like mail-servers - which was a major reason for bug-reports/wishes with regard to performance/responsiveness in the past.
- Mais informação:
aRts
- The sound framework in KDE 2 and 3. Its single-tasking nature caused problems when two sources of sound were encountered. In the Plasma workspace it is replaced by Phonon
- Mais informação:
Containment
- A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
- The end result is that you can group widgets within a Containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.
D-Bus
- An inter-service messaging system. Developed by RedHat, it was heavily influenced by KDE3's DCOP, which it supercedes.
- More info:
Dolphin
- The default file manager in KDE SC 4. It has a side panel (Places), but navigation is mainly by the breadcrumb trail above the main window. Split windows are possible, and views can be applied to individual windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel. Other directories can be added to the Places panel. A Tree view is also possible.
- More info:
Extender
- Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that arrived in Plasma for KDE 4.2. Notifications already use this system. This enables, for example, a user to drag a notification of a download or file copy job, onto his or her desktop and keep track of it there. The same can be done for other kinds of notifications, too.
- More info:
Flake
- Flake is a programming library to be used in KOffice2. Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped to work as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.
- More info:
Get Hot New Stuff
- Get Hot New Stuff (GHNS) is an open standard that makes it easy for users to download and install various extensions for their applications. Our implementation of GHNS is used by Plasma (for example to get new desktop themes), and by many applications and widgets.
- More info:
Home Directory
- That's the place in your system where all your files are kept. You can write your files outside of this folder, but all applications are configured to propose this folder as place to write your files to. It is easier when you keep your things here.
- More info:
KControl
- KDE Control Center, for setting global preferences in KDE 3. Replaced by the System Settings interface in KDE SC 4.
KDOM
- A KPart module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. KSVG2 is built on KDOM for KDE SC 4.
KHTML
- KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE Plasma desktop, as used by the Konqueror browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. A new introduction, Qt WebKit is also for Plasma and other application development.
Kicker
- In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the Panel), on which application launchers, the Pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See Panel
Kickoff
- In KDE SC 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. "Favorites" replaces the "Most used applications" in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE SC 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
- More info:
KJS
- KDE platform's JavaScript engine.
KInfoCenter
- Kinfocenter originated as part of KControl standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE SC 4 up until 4.4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid, and is being reintroduced as an application in KDE SC 4.5.
- More Info:
KIO
- KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
Kiosk
- Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the administration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.
KPart
- A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.
Kross
- Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.
KRunner
- The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
- More info:
KSVG
- KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.
KWin
- KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
- More info:
Mini-CLI
- See KRunner
Nepomuk
- "Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge", Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
- More info:
Oxygen
- Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring "a breath of fresh air" to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
- More info:
Pager
- A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.
Panel
- See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name "kicker" is dropped, and the name "panel" is the norm. "Applets"; are largely replaced by Widgets
Phonon
- A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
- More info:
Plasma
- In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
- More info:
Qt
- (Pronounced "cute") A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
- More info:
Solid
- Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into "domains". The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack. Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
Soprano
- Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
Strigi
- A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
Configurações do Sistema
- O substituto de KControl em KDE SC 4 que permite configurar os diferentes módulos da plataforma KDE.
- Mais informação:
Threadweaver
- This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
- Mais informação:
Escritórios Virtuais
- Um conceito popular dos gestores de janelas de Unix é o uso de escritórios virtuais. Isto significa que tem não um, mas vários ecrãs para pôr as suas janelas. Quando muda para um escritório diferente (normalmente com um paginador) só verá as janelas que abriu nesse novo escritório ou que moveu para lá. Uma janela também se pode definir como "pegajosa" aparecendo em todos os escritórios virtuais.
*WebKit
- Um motor de visualização HTML, que se originou a partir de uma bifurcación de KHTML. Foi adoptado por Apple e desenvolvido para Safari. Webkit regressa a KDE SC 4 com toda a sua funcionalidade, estando disponível através de Qt.
- Mais informação:
Widget ou Elementos Gráficos
- Em termos de software, um elemento gráfico é um componente independente. Também conhecido por "mini-aplicação" ou "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dasshboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets são exemplos de outros sistemas parecidos (alguns dos quais também funcionam em Plasma).
X-Server
- O X-Server ou servidor X representa uma camada básica sobre a qual são construídas muitas interfaces gráficas como o escritorio Plasma de KDE. Gere as entradas básicas do rato e do teclado (tanto da equipa local como de máquinas remotas) e proporciona rotinas gráficas elementares para desenhar rectângulos e outras formas primitivas.
XMLGUI
- Uma infraestrutura para programadores que desenham interfaces de utilizador. É amplamente usado por KParts
- Mais informação:
ZUI
- "Zooming User Interface" ou "Interface de ampliação". "Ao reduzir o zoom, os utilizadores podem obter uma visão geral de todos os agrupamentos de objectos que tenham feito. Estes agrupamentos podem reflectir os projectos nos quais estejam a trabalhar, podem ser diferentes formas de manter conjuntos de arquivos organizados, etc. Pondo o rato em cima ou clicando em um desses grupos quando têm o zoom reduzido, os utentes vêem uma vista preliminar do que há no agrupamento, e podem aumentar o zoom desse grupo, de forma a que ocupe o ecrã todo." aseigo.
- Mais informação:
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