Dolphin/Filhåndtering

Opdag Dolphin

Det første afsnit tager dig på en guidet tur igennem Dolphin. Andet afsnit omhandler forskellige slags bogmærker. Tredje afsnit omtaler håndtering af arkiver. Endelig kigger vi på andre smarte ting. Billederne kan forstørres ved at klikke på dem.

Information

Husk, at hvor stier omtales, så kan de referere til ~/.kde eller ~/.kde4 afhængigt af din distribution

Generel information

Dolphin eller Konqueror?

Denne vejledning beskriver Dolphin for KDE SC 4. Konqueror var standard-filmanageren i KDE 2 og 3. Du kan stadig bruge Konqueror som standard-filmanager i KDE SC 4. For at gøre dette skal du, fra KDE SC 4.2 og fremefter åbne Systemindstillinger og gå til Standardprogrammer. Du kan vælge at bruge Konqueror eller en række andre programmer som standard-filmanager.

• D3lphin er en forgrening af Dolphin til KDE 3. Den mangler nogle af Dolphins funktioner fra KDE SC 4. Den er også mindre kendt, for i KDE 3 er standard-filmanageren Konqueror. Denne forgrening supporteres ikke af fællesskabet og vedligeholdes ikke af dens forfatter.

Introduktion til Dolphin

Dolphin er finmanageren i KDE Software Compilation.

Jeg vil vise dig, hvordan du bruger Dolphin til almindelige filhåndteringsopgaver og hvordan du tilpasser den til dine behov.

Når du åbner Dolphin fra startmenuen Kickoff, så vises din startmappe - som standard er det din hjemmemappe.

For at åbne en fil eller en mappe skal du blot klikke på den. (Dette kan ændres til dobbeltklik i Systemindstillinger -> Computeradministration -> Tastatur og mus, hvis du foretrækker det. Nogle distributioner bruger dobbeltklik som standard.) I KDE 4.5 bliver dette Systemindstillinger -> Hardware -> Inputenheder -> Mus

For at vælge eller fravælge en fil og mappe lader du musen svæve over den og klikker på plustegn som dukker op for at vælge den og på minustegnet for at fravælge den; sådan her:

Når du klikker på plustegnet, så bliver filen eller mappen tilføjet til det valgte. Du kan vælge flere filer på denne måde. Du kan også vælge filer ved at trække en firkant (dette kaldes undertiden for "elastik"-metoden); og du kan vælge til og fra med Ctrl + klik for en fil ad gangen eller Shift + klik for en sammenhængende række af filer.

Mange valgte filer ser sådan ud:

Lav en ny mappe: Du kan lave en ny undermappe i den aktuelle mappe ved højreklikke og vælge Opret ny -> Mappe... eller bruge tastaturgenvejen F10.

Faneblade: Dolphin understøtter faneblade. Du kan åbne et nyt faneblad ved at vælge menuen Fil -> Nyt faneblad, med Ctrl + T eller ved at klikke med den midterste museknap på mapper og navigationsknapper.

Dolphin åbner som standard når du klikker på en mappe. Den kan også startes fra startmenuen Kickoff.

Navigationslinjen

Dolphin introducerer en ny måde at bruge navigationslinjen hurtigere og mere præcist: brødkrummerne. I stedet for kun at vise hele stien, så vises navigationspunkterne fra hver overmappe som en knap. Ved at klikke på en af disse kapper går du direkte til den tilsvarende mappe. På den måde kommer du hurtigt til en af overmapperne for den aktuelle mappe.

Mellem kanpperne, som repræsenterer en mappe er der en lille pil, som også er en knap. Klikker du på den, så dukker der en liste med alle mapper på det niveau op, hvilket giver dig mulighed for hurtigt at komme til en anden mappe.

Kom hurtigt til en anden mappe

Der er også en klassisk navigationslinje, som viser hele stien. Ønsker du at bruge den, så skal du vælge menuen Vis -> Adresselinje -> Redigérbar adresse eller bruge tastaturgenvejen Ctrl + L. Du kan også klikke på det frie område efter den sidste mappe i brødkrummerne. I den klassiske navigationslinje vises et flueben for enden af navigationslinjen. Dette flueben er en knap, som du kan klikke på for at komme tilbage til brødkrummerne. Du kan selvfølgelig også bruge menuen eller tastaturgenvejen.

Opdelt visning

Dolphin giver dig mulighed for at opdele den aktuelle mappevisning, sådan at to mapper vises ved siden af hinanden, som det kendes fra Midnight Commander. Dette er en meget bekvem visning, hvis du skal flytte filer fra en mappe til en anden.

Du kan opdele visningen ved at vælge menuen Vis -> Opdel (tastaturgenvej F3). For at gå tilbage til kun at vise en mappe vælger du menuen Vis -> Luk. Ikonet viser dig, hvilken del, der bliver lukket. Afhængigt af hvilken del der er aktiv vises der et minustegn i højre eller venstre del af ikonet. Det er den aktive mappe, som lukkes. Dette er vigtigt at vide, hvis du bruger tastaturgenvejen. Der er også en knap til at opdele og lukke en visning i værktøjslinjen. Denne knap viser også minustegnet, så det er let at vide, hvilken visning der lukkes.

Selvfølgelig har hver visning sin egen navigationslinje og hver visning kan bruge sin egen visningstilstand.

Visningstilstand

Dolphin understøtter tre forskellige visningstilstande: "Ikoner", "Detaljer" og "Søjler". Disse kan ændres i menuen Vis -> Visningstilstand eller ved tastaturgenvejene Ctrl + 1 (ikoner), Ctrl + 2 (detaljer) og Ctrl + 3 (søjler). Der er også en knap for hver visningstilstand i værktøjslinjen og kontekstmenuen for en mappevisning har en undermenu Visningstilstand til at ændre visningstilstanden.

Ikoner

Hver fil og hver mappe repræsenteres af et ikon i visningstilstanden "Ikoner". I setdet for at vise ikonet kan du også få en forhåndsvisning af filen. Denne opførsel kan slås til og fra i menuen Vis -> Forhåndsvisning eller ved hjælp af knappen i værktøjslinjen. Der er en grænse for, hvor store forhåndsvisningerne kan være. Denne begrænsning kan indstilles i Indstillinger -> Indstil Dolphin -> Visningstilstande -> Generelt -> Forhåndsvisning -> Maksimal filstørrelse. Du kan også vælge Brug miniaturer indlejret i filer. I KDE 4.5 aktiveres forhåndsvisning (og maksimal filstørrelse indstilles) i Indstillinger -> Indstil Dolphin -> Generelt -> Forhåndsvisning.

Filerne i den aktuelle mappe bliver som standard opstillet i alfabetisk rækkefølge. Rækkefølgen kan ændres med menuvalget Vis -> Sortér efter. Følgen sorteringsmetoder er tilgængelige:

• Navn
• Størrelse
• Dato
• Rettigheder
• Ejer
• Gruppe
• Type

Desuden kan du angive sorteringsrækkefølgen med Vis -> Sortér efter -> Faldende.

Der er også mulighed for af vise yderligere information under ikonerne. Dette kan slås til og fra med Vis -> Yderligere information. Du kan vælge de samme kriterier her som ved sorteringsrækkefølgen.

Du kan gruppere ikonerne for at opnå et bedre overblik. Dette slås til med Vis -> Vis i grupper. Nu bliver ikonerne samlet i grupper, som adskilles med vandrette linjer, som indeholder gruppens navn som overskrift. Grupperingen er relateret til sorteringsrækkefølgen.

Detaljer

I visningstilstanden "Detaljer" vises yderligere information som standard i modsætning til visningstilstanden "Ikoner". Alle filer opføres på en liste med søjler. Kontekstmenuen i søjleoverskrifterne giver mulighed for at tilføje yderligere søjler. Følgende søjler kan vælges:

• Størrelse
• Dato
• Rettigheder
• Ejer
• Gruppe
• Type

Søjlen "Navn" vises altid. Ved at klikke på overskriften for en søjle bliver tabellen sorteret efter denne søjle. Ved gentaget klik på samme søjlenavn vendes sorteringsrækkefølgen.

Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which display a minus now, again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. The tree view is disabled by default, but can be activated via Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details with option Expandable Folders.

Columns

View mode "Columns" is inspired by the file manager Finder of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder does not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder is listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This can be used for several hierarchies, so that you can navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system.

Setting defaults for all folders

Under the menu item View -> Adjust View Properties you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.

Panels

Dolphin contains several panels, which can be activated via menu View -> Panels. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to click on the header and Drag&Drop the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.

In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above Dolphin. The window is still combined with Dolphin and cannot be displayed without Dolphin and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.

Non Modal Dialogs

When Moving, Copying or Deleting files/directories the dialog disappears even when the operation has not yet completed. A progress bar then appears in the bottom right of the screen, this then disappears also, if you want see the progress you need to click a small (i) information icon in the system tray.

Warning

New users who are not used to this way of working (and even experienced users) can get caught out by this, if you are Moving, Copying or Deleting large directories then you need to use the icon to monitor the progress of your operation. If you don't then any subsequent actions you do, may well use an incomplete file structure resulting in corrupted files. You have been warned!

Places

Dolphin contains a new kind of bookmarks Places. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via View -> Panels -> Places (keyboard shortcut F9). The default Places are identical to the one shown in the category System of the K-Menu Kickoff.

By clicking one of these places it will be opened in the current folder view. The context menu offers the possibility to edit the places or to remove them again. It is also possible to hide entries temporarily.

The context menu of a folder can be used to add this folder an another entry to the Places panel. Therefore there is a menu item Add to Places. You can also Drag&Drop a folder to the Places panel.

The places panel also contains entries to connected removable devices like USB-keys or CDs. A small plug icon indicates if the device is mounted. The context menu offers the possibility to unmount the device.

The places are used as the basis in the breadcrumb navigation bar. Each address is shown in relation to the nearest parent folder which is one of the places.

Information

The information panel can be activated via View -> Panels -> Information (keyboard shortcut F11). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.

The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop Nepomuk which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.

The Information Panel

Tip

If you are wondering about missing mp3 ID tags (title, time ...) with some files it is most likely that ID3 Version 2 tags are missing. You can add ID3 version 2 tags with KID3 for example.

Folders

A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via View -> Panels -> Folders (keyboard shortcut F7). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the + and - signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.

Terminal

The terminal emulator Konsole can be displayed directly in Dolphin via View -> Panels -> Terminal (keyboard shortcut F4). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in Dolphin. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. Shift + F4 opens Konsole in new window.

Dolphin with a Terminal

External links

Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)

Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror

Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin

Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin

Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin ==File System Navigation==

Bookmarks and Places

In KDE3 you could create bookmarks in Konqueror, but they were not available to any other application. KDE SC 4.x opens up a great deal more flexibility - but that inevitably means more complication. In fact KDE SC 4 has three classes of Bookmarks, which need to be differentiated. They reside in different files, and have different functions.

KDE3 Konqueror didn't share bookmarks

Three kinds of bookmark

First, there is the set of bookmarks available only to Konqueror - web bookmarks. These are stored in ~/.kde/share/apps/konqueror/bookmarks.xml. Then there is a set which Dolphin calls Places. This set is available to all applications as well as the Dolphin file manager. Every time you use File -> Open you will see this set. The third set of bookmarks are Application Bookmarks. These share one file, regardless of the application that set them, and are available to all applications, unless you restrain them to a specific application. More of that later.

Enable bookmarks

In most distros Bookmarks are not enabled by default. In order to use bookmarks we first have to enable them. Open a File -> Open in most KDE applications and you will see, at the right-hand edge of the icon panel, a spanner or wrench. From the drop-down list, choose Show Bookmarks.

Enabling Bookmarks

"Places" for system-wide navigation

There is a default set of Places -

Home

Network

Root

Trash

but you can add other places. In Dolphin, right-click on a folder and select "Add to Places", or just drag a folder onto Places.

Adding a bookmark to Places

By default this "Place" will be visible in all applications. If you want to keep it constrained to Dolphin, you need to right-click on the new name in the Places list, where you will find the option to Edit it. There is a check-box for Only show when using this application (Dolphin).

This Place will only be visible in Dolphin

You can see the result of that command if you read ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfileplaces/bookmarks.xml.

In some applications too there is an option in the File menu to add a folder to Places. At this stage, however, applications vary in which features are available. The important thing to remember is that the default is for Places items to be available to all applications in the File -> Open dialogue.

Bookmarks in applications

This is the second class of bookmarks. Remember opening File -> Open and using the spanner/wrench? Next to it is a yellow star. This is the bookmark management menu.

Manage Application bookmarks here

Here you can define bookmarks that will be visible in the same menu on any application. They are stored in one file, ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml, which is used by all applications having that menu.

Constraining to one application

Some applications allow you to edit items in the Places menu. For instance, if in Gwenview you right click on a folder in Places you can set an option to "Only show when using this application (Gwenview)".

Constraining a bookmark to an application

If you need to constrain to an application that does not yet allow you to do that, the only way left is to edit the file ~/.kde/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml. Immediately before the </metadata> tag you will need to add the line

<OnlyInApp>appname</OnlyInApp>

Archive Management in Dolphin

Managing archives now becomes simple. In any directory in Dolphin, highlight the files that you want to compress, and right-click. Here, using the Compress option, you can elect to create a RAR archive, a Gzipped tar archive, or define another compression mode that you have already set up.

Create a new archive

Similarly, if you right-click on an existing archived file you get a range of actions added to the right-click menu. You can extract the archive to the current folder, to an autodetected subfolder or to another place of your choosing.

Should you wish to add files to an existing archive, you can choose Open with Ark.

Manage existing archives

More Cool Actions

Change a File Association on-the-fly

Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice? You can, of course, alter this in System Settings -> Advanced -> File Associations. But Dolphin and Konqueror offer you a quick and cool method for changing a single association.

Right-click on the file and select Properties. The first line there is descriptive, something like:

Type: XML document

At the same level, on the right, there is a spanner (wrench). Click on that and you can add or change an association.

Similarly, by working on a folder, you can change the default file manager to/from Konqueror, if you choose, or add another image browser to the possible associations.

The Actions sub-menu

The Actions sub-menu opens up a whole lot more cool things to do from Dolphin. Some possibilities only appear when applicable to the file you have selected. Some of the options are

• Convert an image file to a different format
• Preview the file
• Download a remote file with KGet
• Sign and/or encrypt the file, according to the encryption software installed

Encode and copy audio CD tracks

• Insert an audio CD
• Navigate to this CD in Dolphin: it must appear as "Volume" in your Dolphin 'Places' or you can reach it by typing audiocd:/ in the address bar.

Dolphin presenting audio CD

You now notice that Dolphin is proposing a WAV file for each track, plus:

• a CDA folder containing indexing information in the usual CDA format.
• a Whole CD folder, containing one file for each format (.cda, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav) holding all the tracks
• a FLAC folder, containing the tracks encoded into FLAC format (lossless information format)
• an Information folder containing the CDDB informations
• an MP3 folder, containing all the tracks in MP3 format
• a Ogg Vorbis folder, containing the tracks encoded in OGG format

You then just have to copy the folder of your choice, in your preferred format to obtain the relative encoded version of your CD!