Jump to content

Archive:Http://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi 4.4/Troubleshooting/zh-cn

From KDE Wiki Sandbox
Revision as of 08:15, 18 July 2011 by Fengchao (talk | contribs)

介绍

这个页面的内容主要关注于Akonadi的故障解决，因为在迁移的早期阶段一些故障是不可避免的。对于许多人来说，将会在KDE SC 4.4第一次注意到Akonadi活动,许多人可能会对它感到困惑。如需Akonadi用途的简要说明，参见这个术语条目。你也会找到一些有用的链接来作进一步的阅读。一旦这些初期不可避免的问题被解决了，Akonadi将会为许多应用程序提供动力来源。

理解结构

你当然能简单的用 Kontact 管理所有的通讯录，但如果你有个准备好的备份系统，比如说，你会想知道你的数据在哪，以及它是如何处理的。这个 Akonadi 和通讯录 页面会帮助你。

故障排除的提示

  • 当报告Akonadi服务器的问题时，请总是附上完整的自检报告。这个报告可以从自检对话框获取，这个对话框在Akonadi无法成功启动时总是会出现。你也可以在kcmmodule当中找到这个自检对话框，这个kcmmodule使用下列命令访问：
kcmshell4 kcm_akonadi
  • 从手工命令行启动Akonadi服务器可以获得一些额外的有用信息。这可以通过在终端执行下列命令：
akonadictl start

同样，用这个命令可以再次停止 Akonadi 服务器： 

akonadictl stop

此命令提供了更多有用的信息： 

akonadictl status

常见问题

Kontact无法启动 - 并且它没有显示任何信息

如果Kontact无法启动，并且你没有看到任何错误信息，请检查Akonadi是否在运行。Akonadi应该按要求启动了，但是目前(2010年1月)它并没有。如果你有任何已经迁移了的资源（最有可能的就是KAddressBook），你必须在启动Kontact之前启动它。使用Akonadi托盘图标（在KRunner中输入"akonadi"）或konsole中输入该命令来启动它。

Kontact 无法启动 - 版本 II

Kontact 已知某次更新后会遇到这问题。如果发生这种情况，试下从 KRunner（或 Konsole）启动 KMail，KOrganizer 或其它任何程序。它们会作为独立程序运行，很有可能你会找到出错的地方。主要影响 4.4.0 版本。

未找到文件夹："/Local"

许多人都已经报告了这个错误，"Kontact"无法启动。在 4.4 的早期版本，在迁移过程中有一个bug，"KMail“在 /home/anne/.local/share/Local 查找本地的邮件，而这个目录并不存在。这个问题的解决方法并不是试图修正它，而是在 "KMail"/"Kontact" 关闭时，打开Akonadi控制台 (使用krunner，Alt-F2，或者在 konsole 中输入"akonadiconsole" konsole)，

然后删除本地邮件的资源。就可以启动Kontact或KMail了，同时将创建新的资源，指向~/ .local /share/local-mail

在~/.local/share/下有一些新目录

是的。如果你的联系人被正确的迁移，那么一个新的资源将会在~/.local/share/contacts/被创建。

/usr/bin/akonadi_maildir_resource和/usr/bin/akonadi_maildispatcher_agent是什么？

‘’akonadi_maildir_resource‘’由‘’akonadi_maildispatcher_agent‘’自动创建，后者总是随着Akonadi服务器一起启动，因为它提供了所有基于Akonadi(和将要基于)邮件程序所使用的基本功能(例如发送邮件)。因此这两个程序同时运行是没有问题的，作为一般用户可以忽略它们。 这个自动生成的akonadi_maildir_resource将总是指向~/.local/share/local-mail/这个目录，这个目录是你的本地文件夹账户，你的本地目录和邮件将会存放在这里。

目前，在KDE SC 4.4中，邮件还没有被迁移。

Nepomuk Indexing Agents Disabled

Kontact 当前能工作，但你总是会看到这个提示：

这个提示最常见的原因是「系统设置」中禁用了 Nepomuk。请打开「系统设置」中的 高级/桌面搜索/基本设置，勾选「启用 Nepomuk 语义学桌面」，点「应用」启用它。

如果还是没效果（或是提示错误时选项已经勾选了），要是你之前用过 KDE SC 4.4的测试版，有可能是受数据层变动的影响（由于 Virtuoso 数据服务器从版本 5 升级到版本 6；KDE SC 4.4 的正式版预设随 Virtuoso 版本 6 一起）。下列命令应该会让它重新正常工作：

qdbus org.kde.NepomukServer /nepomukserver org.kde.NepomukServer.quit
rm -r .kde/share/apps/nepomuk
nepomukserver

注意上列命令不会永久启用 Nepomuk，你必须用「系统设置」启用 Nepomuk。 

qdbus org.kde.NepomukServer /nepomukserver org.kde.NepomukServer.quit
rm -r ~/.kde/share/apps/nepomuk
rm -r ~/.kde4/share/apps/nepomuk
nepomukserver

Note that the above commands will not enable Nepomuk permanently if it isn't already enabled, you have to use System Settings for that.

Nepomuk 运行以便 Akonadi 正常工作，Akonadi 工作正常，Kontact 才能运行正常。 但是，你可以禁用 Strigi 文件索引器，Kontact 不需要它。Strigi 文件索引器只是用在桌面搜索中，与 Kontact 无关。只需要确保 Nepomuk 本身正常运行保证 Kontact 的正常工作。

Kontact 中，很多不同的地方都用到了 Nepomuk，从显示即将到的生日，处理空闲/忙碌列表，到在信息浏览器中显示联系人照片。如果 Nepomuk 没有运行，Kontact 中多个不同的地方都会停止工作。提示就是警告你功能的减少。如上面所述启用 Nepomuk 会修复这个问题。

你可以通过输入akonadictl status检查 Nepomuk 是否正确运行。 

akonadictl status

我想要继续用我现在的地址薄和日历 - 可以吗？

可以。当你用 Akonadi 控制台添加新资源，可以选择作为「标准资源」 - 指向你的 std.vcf 文件，就可以了。迁移不会破坏你原有的地址薄。你可以继续使用，但会失去 Akonadi 带来的功能收益。或者你可以同时放置 Akonadi 地址薄和你原有的地址薄2种地址薄，如果你觉得这样更安全，可以弄一段时间。

我的地址簿看不到任何详细信息

当前，这个问题的原因还不知道，但解决办法很容易。关闭 Kontact，打开独立程序 KAddressBook。关闭 KAddressBook，你就能在 Kontact 中正常使用了。好像是某个东西在 Kontact 启动时没启用，我预计这问题会很快被确认，修正。

我在 KMail 中点「选择」按钮没弹出联系人

检查 系统设置 > 高级 > KDE 资源。确保 Akonadi 控制的地址薄（联系人）列在那 - 如果需要添加新的地址薄。同时，最好设定主 Akonadi 地址薄，通常叫 Personal Contacts，为默认。

如何能让我的「群件地址簿」（Groupware addressbook）回来？

两种方法：分旧的架构和新的架构。

旧的架构：在 Akonadi 控制台（akonadiconsole）,添加 "KDE 地址薄（传统）"。KDE 地址薄是在 Akonadi 中建立旧的 kresources。在 "KDE 地址薄（传统）"的设置中，指向到一个 "IMAP over KMail" KResource，在 KMail中的群件（groupware）选项应该已经启用了。这应该也能用于 Kolab、eGroupware 和类似的地址薄 - 你需要检查选项来确保选择了正确的类型。

新的架构（只跟 kolab 测试过）：在 Akonadi 设置模块（运行 'kcmshell4 kcm_akonadi'），添加 "IMAP 邮件服务器（E-Mail Server）"资源，设置邮件服务器名称，用户名和密码，然后点击「自动识别」。然后添加 kolab 资源。下一步是等 imap 资源同步，这会花费相当长时间。akonadi 设置模块会出现新状态。如果什么也没发生，重启 akonadiserver。过不久，kolab 地址薄就会出现在 kaddressbook。 

kcmshell4 kcm_akonadi

Then add a Kolab resource. The next step is to wait for the imap resource to synchronize, which can take quite a long time. The status will appear in the Akonadi configuration module. If nothing happens, try restarting akonadiserver. After some time the Kolab addressbook(s) should appear in KAddressBook.

发送邮件时感觉到明显的延迟

这伴随着 KMail 卡住直到邮件真的发送出去。

Nepomuk 检查地址的方式中发现了一个 bug，它会引起巨大的延迟。这 bug 已经在 SC 4.4.1 中被修复。在此之前，这有个解决办法：

关闭运行的 Kontact 或 KMail 和 KAddressBook。禁用「系统设置」中的 strigi。停止 nepomk，删除数据库，重启 nepomukserver。你需要的实际命令（作为用户） 

qdbus org.kde.NepomukServer /nepomukserver org.kde.NepomukServer.quit
rm -r ~/.kde/share/apps/nepomuk
rm -r ~/.kde4/share/apps/nepomuk
nepomukserver

当然，这个会清空所有的数据信息，包括你以前添加的标签（tags）。理论上，我理解能够有选择的清空数据。如果你在乎的话，你可以在这找到详细说明

IMAP Resource always claims to be offline

Even though the system has an internet connection, the IMAP resource refuses to switch to online state.

This bug is caused by a misconfigured NetworkManager installation on your system. Check the output of 

qdbus --system org.freedesktop.NetworkManager /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.state

If it is '4' (Disconnected) but you can access the Internet, then your NetworkManager is indeed configured wrong. If it is '3' (Connected) the problem must be somewhere else. Under Debian this behavior can be caused by interfaces defined in /etc/network/interfaces, which are not controlled by NetworkManager. To fix this, simply remove the entries from /etc/network/interfaces and let NetworkManager handle them.

一些技术问题

Nepomuk

KDE 4.4 之后，要求运行 Nepomuk 以保证 Akonadi 能够正常工作。Akonadi 启动时会自动检查，若没运行则显示一个错误对话框。

Nepomuk 只能用 Virtuoso 后端能够正常工作，你可以用之前所述的 Akonadi 自检对话框来检查 Nepomuk 是否工作在正确的后端。

尽管要求运行 Nepomuk，但你仍可以禁用 Strigi 文件索引，它通常是 Nepomuk 框架中资源最密集的部分（最耗费资源）。

Apparmor

Some distributions using Apparmor have it set up in a way that prevents Akonadi from running its internal database server. This can result in a variety of fuzzy error messages, including but not limited to the following: 

unknown error 255 when running akonadictl
"DB error: 'Could not open required defaults file: /home/$username/.local/share/akonadi/mysql.conf"

You can solve this by running the following command with root privileges then reload apparmor: 

aa-complain mysqld

On Kubuntu this is: 

sudo aa-complain mysqld
sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor reload

Note that you might be using Apparmor even if it does not show up in the process list.

Also note that some distributions ship an additional mysqld binary called mysqld-akonadi which has AppArmor set up correctly. If that's the case on your system and you see this problem nevertheless, there are two possible reasons:

  • Akonadi still uses mysqld instead of mysqld-akonadi. You can change that in Systemsettings -> Advanced -> Akonadi -> Server configuration.
  • AppArmor is not setup correctly for mysqld-akonadi either. Try running the "aa-complain" command noted above with mysqld-akonadi instead of mysqld.

---

You will also experience this problem if you are running an encrypted home directory using encryptfs combined with AppArmor as the Akonadi apparmor profile currently does not account for an ecrypted home (common with Ubuntu Jaunty users). Error messages with include:

  • dmesg produces:
ecryptfs_do_create: Failure to create dentry in lower fs; rc = [-13]
ecryptfs_create: Failed to create file inlower filesystem
  • Akonadi will list the following errors:
Akonadi server process not registered at D-Bus

The fix is to edit the following file "/etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld-akonadi". Below the line: 

@{HOME}/.local/share/akonadi/** rwk,

Add a new line: 

@{HOME}/.Private/** rwk,

Restart apparmor and restart akonadi.

缺失的依赖

要用 Akonadi，你需要安装下列包（包名随发行版或许有所不同）：

  • MySQL 服务器（openSUSE 上叫 mysql）
  • Qt4 MySQL 插件（openSUSE 上叫 libqt4-sql-mysql）

If you compile Qt4 yourself, make sure to tell the configure script to build in MySQL support by passing it the following option: 

-plugin-sql-mysql

If "configure" cannot locate the necessary MySQL client code (i.e, says "MySQL support cannot be enabled due to functionality tests") then ensure that the corresponding package is installed (typically called [lib]mysql[client]-dev[el]). Also, depending on the install location of the MySQL headers, additional parameters to "configure" might be needed (eg. "-I /usr/include/mysql" on OpenSuse).

If you get the Qt4 direct from Nokia, such as a download of qt-sdk-linux-x86_64-opensource-2009.05.bin, you will ( by the command "akonadictl start") get an error at Test 1: 

Database driver not found.
Details: The QtSQL driver 'QMYSQL' is required by your current Akonadi server configuration.
The following drivers are installed: QSQLITE.
Make sure the required driver is installed.

The driver you need is libqsqlmysql.so

Unfortunately this driver is not part of the distribution (until january 2010). You need to compile the source. Download the following file: 

qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.6.0.tar.bz

Then configure and make as above. But the make install doesn't copy the driver. So you have to copy it by yourself: 

cp <qt-src-dir>/qt-everywhere-opensource-src-4.6.0/plugins/sqldrivers/libqsqlmysql.so /usr/local/bin/sqldrivers/

But the Revision 4.6.1, such as qt-sdk-linux-x86_64-opensource-2010.xx.bin has the driver you needed. But it might be necessary to bind again the libqsqlmysql.so if the libmysqlclient.so has changed to a newer version.

环境设置

Akonadi 服务器是用 XDG_DATA_DIRS 环境变量定义的路径搜索 Akonadi agents 和资源。如果 Akonadi 提示无法找到 agents 或资源，检查变量是否设置正确。记住，即使变量在当前控制台会话中已经设定好，但有可能服务器启动时缺定义。手动在当前控制台会话中启动服务器会避免这个问题。

mysqld: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1'

如果 MySQL 服务器日志包含如下错误信息： [ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1' [ERROR] Aborting 

[ERROR] /usr/libexec/mysqld: unknown variable 'innodb_file_per_table=1'
[ERROR] Aborting

说明你的 MySQL 服务器没有内置 InnoDB 支持，Akonadi 需要这项特性。 

#sql_mode=strict_trans_tables <- Add underneath this line
#plugins
plugin_dir=usr/lib/mysql/plugin < - This may be a different path
plugin-load=ha_innodb.so

Table 'mysql. servers' doesn't exist

If MySQL server log contains the following error, then, most probably, you don't have your MySQL configuration file in place: 

[ERROR] Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.servers' doesn't exist
[ERROR] Cannot open mysql.db
[ERROR] Cannot open mysql.user
[ERROR] Cannot open mysql.event

Copy it from /usr/share/config/akonadi/mysql-global.conf into ~/.config/akonadi/mysql-local.conf. (For debian and openSuSE users the file is located in /etc/akonadi/mysql-global.conf). Then open it and uncomment the line sql_mode=strict_trans_tables. After that, you may get the following errors: 

[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
[ERROR] Unknown/unsupported table type: innodb
[ERROR] Aborting

If so, then in the same file find the line that starts just like the one above (which you have uncommented), but has additional parameters, separated by commas (something like sql_mode=strict_trans_tables,strict_all_tables, ...etc). Comment the shorter sql_mode=... line and uncomment the longer one.

On openSUSE 11.2 running the following command will fix this problem: 

mysql_install_db --datadir=$HOME/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/

For Archlinux: 

mysql_install_db --datadir=$HOME/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/ --basedir=/usr

Kubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) Upgrade

This is a summary of other entries here for those upgrading from Kubuntu 9.10 to 10.04 who may have been using a personal package archive (PPA) for KDE 4.3 for bug fixes.

Install missing prerequisites. Remove previous akonadi cache. Start the akonadi service. Install the database. Upgrade the database. Stop and restart the akonadi service. 

sudo apt-get install virtuoso-server mysql-server-5.1
rm -r $HOME/.local/share/akonadi
akonadictl start
mysql_install_db --datadir=$HOME/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/
mysql_upgrade --socket=$HOME/.local/share/akonadi/db_misc/mysql.socket
akonadictl stop
akonadictl start

The mysql_install_db command above will report something like the following, which you can safely ignore: 

Installing MySQL system tables...
100501 18:04:30 [Warning] Can't create test file 
/home/[userid]/.local/share/akonadi/db_data/[hostname].lower-test

Reference: forum.kde.org Akonadi 1.2.1 - some issues

KAddressBook upgrade

In addition to the Kubuntu 10.04 remedy above, problems trying to add a Vcard directory may require the following command while Akonadi is not running: 

rm -rf $HOME/.config/akonadi

Can't initialize character set latin1

If you get the following error when starting Akonadi, then you are probably using a MySQL server which has a version > 5.1.42: 

Character set 'latin1' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file
Nepomuk QueryServer interface not available!
Connecting to deprecated signal
QDBusConnectionInterface::serviceOwnerChanged(QString,QString,QString)
DataStore::unhideAllPimItems()
Character set 'latin1' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in
the '/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml' file
Database error: Cannot open database.
Last driver error: "QMYSQL: Unable to connect"
Last database error: "Can't initialize character set latin1 (path:
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/)"
Database error: Cannot open database.
Last driver error: "QMYSQL: Unable to connect"
Last database error: "Can't initialize character set latin1 (path:
/usr/share/mysql/charsets/)"

There is a known regression in MySQL 5.1.43 and 5.1.44 which prevents MySQL from starting.

See the bug report for more details.


Restarting after a previous error

If you had problems starting Akonadi and fixed those (such as a missing package or the Apparmor problem) make sure that the Akonadi server is completely shut down before trying to start it again, by calling on the command line: 

akonadictl stop

You can confirm that it was indeed shut down completely by running: 

akonadictl status

Under some circumstances the Akonadi server can be stuck in a partially running state after a failure which will prevent the next attempt to start it to fail as well. Please file a bug report if you run into this problem including the self-test report of the initial problem.

The so-called "Gentoo-Assert"

That's an especially nasty problem that so far only affects users of source-based distributions, most prominently Gentoo. It is named after MySQL assertions like the following example and is most likely caused by a MySQL protocol mismatch between the MySQL server and the client library or the Qt MySQL driver. 

akonadiserver: libmysql.c:4301: setup_one_fetch_function: Assertion
`param->buffer_length != 0' failed.

It is extremely hard to diagnose as the assertion mentioned above is only triggered sometimes. Instead you'll get a wide range of weird symptoms:

  • ASAP protocol logs show successful creation of objects which are supposedly no longer available when the next commands access them again.
  • SQL protocol logs show INSERT or UPDATE commands with values that mismatch the corresponding column types and nevertheless succeed.
  • SQL protocol logs showing large apparently random record ids which are nevertheless considered valid.

References:

Possible solution: Rebuild the Qt MySQL driver after upgrading MySQL (which most likely caused this problem in the first place).

Retrieved from "https://wikisandbox.kde.org/index.php?title=Archive:Http://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi_4.4/Troubleshooting/zh-cn&oldid=194611"