Kubuntu/Programari
Programari
Una guia breu per al programari que s'inclou a la vostra instal·lació de Kubuntu.
Jocs
Els jocs del KDE inclouen una increïble varietat de jocs de taula i de lògica, així com jocs arcade i estratègia. També s'inclouen divertits i educatius jocs per als nens. Visiteu el lloc web de KDE Games per veure captures de pantalla dels jocs i fins i tot jugar a alguns en línia. Tots els jocs del KDE estan disponibles en els repositoris, a un parell de clics de distància. Jocs com els oferts a través de Steam i Humble Bundles també es poden instal·lar i jugar des de Kubuntu. Si us plau, vegeu la pàgina de Steam per obtenir les instruccions. Pot trobar els jocs instal·lats a . Per omissió s'instal·len els següents jocs:
- KPat: (conegut com a KPatience) és un joc d'ordenar cartes per a relaxar-se, instal·lat per omissió. Per guanyar, un jugador arranja una sola baralla de cartes en un cert ordre. S'inclouen Aces Up, Quaranta-vuit (Forty & Eight), Freecell, Golf, Avi (Grandfather), Rellotge de l'avi (Grandfather's Clock), Gitano (Gypsy), Klondike, Mod3, Simple Simon, Spider i Yukon. Hi ha disponibles jocs de cartes i temes alternatius, i les estadístiques.
Els jocs següents es poden instal·lar amb tres clics al Descobridor Muon, seleccioneu el mosaic i després seleccioneu el tipus p.ex. Arcade, i després poseu el punter del ratolí sobre del joc desitjat i feu clic al botó .
Arcade
- KBounce: És un joc de trencaclosques arcade per a un únic jugador.
- KBreakout: Destruïu el major nombre possible de maons sense perdre la pilota.
- KDiamond: És un joc de trencaclosques per a un únic jugador. Creeu línies de tres diamants similars.
- KGoldrunner: Centenars de nivells de laberint, a la caça de les peces d'or, amb els enemics en una persecució constant.
- KLines: Inspirat en les línies de color, simple i addictiu. Hi ha disponible una versió demo en línia d'aquest joc.
- Kolf: Joc de golf en miniatura amb la vista de dalt a baix en 2D. Els cursos són dinàmics, i hi poden jugar alhora fins a 10 persones en la competició. Kolf ve equipat amb una varietat de camps de joc i cursos de guia d'aprenentatge.
- Kollision: Un joc simple en el que s'han d'esquivar les boles.
- KSame: És un simple, però desafiant joc de cassar colors que segueix el model de !SameGame. S'ha de netejar un tauler ple de bales multicolor.
- KSpaceduel: Cadascun dels dos jugadors controla una nau espacial satèl·lit que orbiten el sol, amb la finalitat d'eliminar la nau rival.
Jocs de taula
- Bovo: és un joc com el Gomoku (del japonès -五目並べ- «cinc punts») per a dos jugadors, on s'alternen els oponents per a col·locar el seu respectiu pictograma al tauler de joc. (També conegut com connecta cinc «Connect Five», cinc en fila «Five in a row», «X and O», «Naughts and Crosses»).
- KBattleship: Els vaixells es col·loquen sobre un tauler (el mar). Els jugadors tracten d'encertar per torns les altres naus sense saber on es troben. El primer jugador que destrueixi totes les naus, guanya el joc.
- KMahjongg: En aquest joc, les fitxes estan barrejades i us heu d'arriscar a posar-les una damunt de l'altra per assemblar-se a una forma determinada. El jugador espera eliminar totes les fitxes del tauler de joc localitzant cada parell coincident de fitxes.
- KReversi: És un senzill joc d'estratègia per a un jugador que juga contra l'ordinador. Si la peça d'un jugador és capturada per un jugador contrari, aquesta peça serà descoberta canviant al color d'aquest jugador. Es declararà un guanyador quan un jugador tingui més peces del seu propi color al tauler i no hi hagi més moviments possibles.
- KShisen: És un joc com el solitari que juga utilitzant el conjunt estàndard de fitxes de Mahjongg. A diferència d'aquest però, KShisen només té una capa de fitxes barrejades.
- KFourInLine: Joc per a dos jugadors basat el «Connect-Four». Construeix una fila de quatre peces utilitzant diferents estratègies.
Cartes
- LsKat: Lieutnant Skat (de l'alemany «Offiziersskat») és un joc de cartes divertit i captivador per a dos jugadors, on el segon jugador és qualsevol oponent viu, o la intel·ligència artificial incorporada. També podeu jugar i provar una versió demo en línia d'aquest joc.
Daus
- Kiriki: is an addictive and fun dice game for KDE, designed to be played by as many as six players. Participants have to collect points by rolling five dice for up to three times per single turn.
- KJumpingcube: Conquisteu totes les caselles d'un tauler ja sigui ocupant les buides o conquistant les del vostre adversari. Quan una casella hagi arribat al màxim distribuirà els seus punts al voltant, fent que les caselles buides quedin ocupades. Heu d'estar atent a les reaccions en cadena!
Lògica
- KAtomic: is both fun and educational game built around molecular geometry. It employs simplistic two-dimensional looks at different chemical elements. You can also play an online demo version of this game.
- KBlackbox: is a game of hide and seek played on a grid of boxes where the computer has hidden several balls.
- KMines is the classic Minesweeper game. The idea is to uncover all the squares without blowing up any mines. When a mine is blown up, the game is over.
- KNetwalk: is a single player logic game. Construct the network, connecting all the terminals to the server in the fewest turns possible.
- KSquares: is a fun and exciting game for desktop environment. The game is modeled after the well-known pen and paper based game of Dots and Boxes.
- KSudoku: is a logic-based symbol placement puzzle. The player has to fill a grid so that each column, row as well as each square block on the game field contains only one instance of each symbol.
- Picmi: is a single player logic-based puzzle game. The goal is to color cells according to numbers given at the side of the board in order to uncover a hidden pattern or picture.
Estratègia
- Konquest: is the KDE version of Gnu-Lactic Konquest. Players conquer other planets by sending ships to them. The goal is to build an interstellar empire and ultimately conquer all other player's planets.
- KsirK: is a computerized version of a well known strategy board game. KsirK is a multi-player network-playable game with an AI. The goal of the game is to conquer the world by attacking your neighbors with your armies.
Joguines
- KTuberling: a simple constructor game suitable for children and adults alike. The idea of the game is based around a once popular doll making concept.
Gràfics =
Some basic graphics applications are installed in Kubuntu by default, allowing you to create, view, scan, and manipulate images. The following applications are installed by default:
- Krita is a popular new painting and drawing application, available by itself or as part of the Calligra Suite.
- Okular is a universal document viewer for many kinds of documents: PDF, Postscript, !DjVu, CHM, XPS, ePub and others.
- LibreOffice Draw is an all-purpose diagramming and charting tool which lets you produce anything from a quick sketch to a complex plan, and gives you the means to communicate with graphics and diagrams. With a maximum page size of 300cm by 300cm, Draw is a an excellent package for producing technical drawings, general posters, and much else.
- Skanlite is a simple image scanning application.
- Gwenview is an image viewer with many features.
- Kamoso is a webcam recorder from the KDE community.
- KSnapshot is the best at desktop screenshots, simple and sweet.
Altre programari de gràfics popular
More specialized programs for painting, drawing, vector graphics, and photo retouching with three clicks in Muon Discover, select the tile and then select the type eg. Drawing then hover your mouse over your desired program and click button.
Painting & Editing
- GIMP is an excellent image manipulation application if you need more than !mageMagick.
Drawing
- Inkscape is a vector graphics editor that uses the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format.
Photography
- DigiKam is an advanced digital photo management application.
- Darktable is a sophisticated program to work with digital negatives and RAW images.
Publishing
- Scribus is a desktop publishing program with many features.
Bring images to life with KDE See Graphics & Imaging for more information.
Internet
Kubuntu is set up to get you online; to the Internet, via chat protocols, and even voice (VOIP) and other new voice applications. This page describes software installed by default, and the best and most popular available alternatives.
This is the default browser shipped with Kubuntu, with a minimal look and advanced features; pre-installed. For more information see Rekonq site and Rekonq Manual.
- Firefox
Installing Firefox is made easy with the Kubuntu-Firefox-Installer.
For more infomation on how to use Firefox see Firefox Getting Started.
- Chrome/Chromium
Chrome is a freeware browser developed by Google; all Chrome releases have been based on the open source version called Chromium. For more information see Features and Chrome on Wikipedia. Install via Muon Discover .
= Clients de correu
There are many options when it comes to email clients. In Kubuntu, Kmail is default email client, either as a stand-alone client or as part of the Kontact personal information manager (PIM). Kmail is the email component of Kontact, the KDE personal information manager (PIM). Kmail by itself is similar in functionality to other popular email programs, while Kontact is as full-featured as the fanciest personal information managers (PIMs), as it can be configured with calendars, address books, notes, an RSS reader, time tracking, journals and simple project planning. The following are just some of the features of Kmail:
- Implementa IMAP, POP3 i SMTP
- SSL, TLS, and Digest-md5 secure logon support
- PGP and GNUPG signatures and encryption support
- HTML reading, spam filtering, internal character sets, search and filter functions, spell checking, and
robust searching. More information on Kmail can be found in the KMail documentation.
Alternatives: All of these can be found in Muon Discover .
Clients de xat
Chatting with friends and family is a popular use of the internet, and Kubuntu provides the necessary applications. There are two default chat clients installed in Kubuntu - KDE Telepathy for instant messaging, and Quassel for chatting on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).
- KDE Telepathy
KDE Telepathy is in active development, and already works well for daily use. You will find it already installed and ready to configure.
- Quassel
Quassel is the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client pre-installed in Kubuntu. Not only does it provide functions similar to those of other popular IRC clients such as Konversation, or X-chat, its design emphasizes ease of use. Quassel includes tabbed browsing and notification of messages and other events. Also, it can be connected to a Quassel-core for storage and search of IRC channel logs.
Alternatives: All of these can be found in Muon Discover .
- Konversation
Konversation is KDE's IRC client; very user-friendly with the advanced features you'd expect.
Voice over IP (VOIP)
Voice applications are not installed by default. However, not only the well-known (but not libre) Skype, there are other great free and open choices as well.
- QuteCom (formerly !WengoPhone)is a free software SIP* compliant (VoIP) client.
- Ekiga (formerly !GnomeMeeting) is an open source VoIP and video conferencing application for GNOME. Ekiga uses both the H.323 and SIP protocols.
- Linphone is a web phone: with voice, video, and text instant messaging; SIP-compatible.
- Mumble is a low-latency, high quality voice chat software.
- Skype, while not open source, is free, and can be installed. See Skype on Ubuntu for more information.
KDE software connects you to the world. See Internet, Networking, & Communication for more.
Multimèdia
The best in multimedia is installed when you open your new Kubuntu installation. If you get an error message about "missing codecs" please install kubuntu-restricted-extras. You can find your Multimedia applications through
The following applications are installed by default:
- Pulseaudio
Pulseaudio keeps all your sound and video inputs and outputs working together. If you need to direct your audio or video output to other devices, install the pavucontrol package, launch it by pressing Alt + F2, then type pavucontrol.
- Amarok
Exploring your music in Kubuntu is exciting with the pre-installed Amarok music player. For more about how to use and customize it see Amarok.
- K3b
K3b is a simple, powerful and highly-configurable graphical optical disk burning application for audio, video, data projects.
- Kmix
Kmix controls all your audio channels.
- Dragon Player
Dragon Player is a simple interface for playing your movies, TV shows, and music.
Altres aplicacions multimèdia populars
All of these can be found in Muon Discover .
- Audacity audio recording and editing
- Kid3 tag editor which can generate tags from files or vice-versa, import tags from databases, browse cover arts and lyrics from online resources, drag and drop cover art to a file, export tags, etc.
- MusicBrainz Picard will identify track and CD information by matching digital thumbprints with the MusicBrainz database.
- recordMyDesktop is a simple, friendly movie recording software, which allows you to easily create high-quality, impressive animations of your desktop.
- Kdenlive is an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor.
- Tomahawk lets you lay music for many different offline and
online sources, and share your playlist with your friends.
- VLC is a player and framework that can handle most audio and video formats you'd want to use, and it also works with DVDs, audio CDs, and much more.
- Kaffeine is a KDE media player that lets you play DVDs, video and audio CDs, and it has support for DVB devices as well. Whether you want to watch a movie on DVD, play a few songs, or tune into a show on digital TV, Kaffeine is a good choice for KDE users.
- Banshee has many fans, as it was standard on Ubuntu desktops.
- Rhythmbox is GNOME’s default music player, and now standard in the Unity Ubuntu desktop.
- Miro plays video, but also provides the Miro Guide, which hosts all kinds of channels with content from broadcast and cable TV via Hulu. Also offered are podcasts, a video and audio library, and has built-in !BitTorrent to grab content from sites like !LegalTorrents, giving you video, audiobooks, comics, audio and more.
- MythTV is a very nice, robust media center solution. Heavy users of MythTV might consider installing Mythbuntu on a dedicated media center box.
- XBMC is a media center with a clean interface and easy-to-use controls.
External:
- Blender is 3D content creation software that has created numerous open source video games and movies. This can be found in Muon Discover .
'KDE brings entertainment to your desktop. See Multimedia, Sound & Video for more.
Oficina
LibreOffice
The default office suite installed in Kubuntu is LibreOffice. It includes Calc, Draw, Impress, Math, Base and Writer. This suite is the open source equivalent of the Microsoft Office suite and each application corresponds to a similar product in that line.
- Calc = Excel
- Writer = Word
- Impress = Powerpoint
- Base = Access
LibreOffice works well with the files created by their Microsoft counterparts, with the exception of Microsoft Access files. For more information see LibreOffice.
Calligra
KDE offers the excellent Calligra Suite. Calligra is available for desktop PCs, tablet computers, and smartphones. It contains applications for word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, databases, vector graphics, and digital painting.
New to the suite is Author, an e-book authoring application with ePUB export. Besides Words, Sheets, Stage, and Kexi, included are the award-winning Krita, digital painting and drawing; Braindump, a notetaking and mindmapping application; Plan, a project management application that can create Gantt charts; Karbon, a vector graphics editor; and Flow, a programmable flowchart drawing program with dynamically loadable stencils.
All applications available separately or as a suite, from the repositories. For more information see the Calligra Handbooks.
Gestor d'informació personal (PIM)
Installed with your system is the KDE Personal Information Manager Kontact. This includes many tools to manage your life.
- correu electrònic
- contactes
- diari
- notes
- fonts
- llista de pendents
Please see Kontact for more details and help with this fantastic set of tools.
Arranjament del sistema
Information on adjusting stem settings can be found at System Settings
Utilitats
Your newly installed Kubuntu system has some utilities already installed. One of the most useful is not in your menus; just press ALT + F2. Look at the top of your screen; there is one of your most powerful utilities, called Krunner. See more here: Krunner.
The following utility applications are installed by default:
- Kate is the default text editor for KDE. It has many great features for editing plain text or writing code in many different languages.
- Ark is the default tool for handling archives of files such as tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar and 7z.
- Klipper is a clipboard to hold copied text for later use. Unlike other clipboards it will hold your entire copied text, rather than just one line.
- Knotes is a sticky-note application to post notes on your desktop.
- KCalc offers basic calculator functions and much more.
- KMag is the screen magnifier from KDE.
- Konsole is the KDE terminal emulator, it can be used to run console shells.
Sh
The Bourne shell (sh) was one of the major shells used in early versions of the Unix operating system and became a de facto standard. Every Unix-like system has at least one shell compatible with the Bourne shell. The Bourne shell program name is sh and it is typically located in the Unix file system hierarchy at /bin/sh. The Bourne shell is usually used as fallback for Bash or another shell. The features of the Bourne shell are quite limited if compared to something like Bash.
Bash
Bash stands for "Bourne again shell", a bit of a play on words. For many Linux distribution Bash is the default shell. The Bash command syntax is a superset of the Bourne shell command syntax. Among the features of Bash are: command line editing, command history, the directory stack, the $RANDOM and $PPID variables, and POSIX command substitution syntax $(..)/ When used as an interactive command shell and pressing the tab key, Bash automatically uses command line completion to match partly typed program names, filenames and variable names. Bash syntax simplifies I/O redirection in ways that are not possible in the traditional Bourne shell. For example Bash can redirect standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) at the same time using the &> operator.
Zsh
The Z shell (zsh) is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a powerful command interpreter for shell scripting. Zsh can be thought of as an extended Bourne shell with a large number of improvements, including some features of bash, ksh, and tcsh. Among its features are: programmable command-line completion, sharing of command history among all running shells, spelling correction, theme-able prompts and it is fully customizable. Attesting to the sheer size of this shell is the famous first sentence of the shell's manual page, which reads "Because zsh contains many features, the zsh manual has been split into a number of sections", and then goes on to list seventeen items.
For a comparison of command shells see this page: Comparison of command shells
Configuració del tallafocs (firewall)
Ufw
Ufw is the default commandline configuration tool for the firewall. Ufw stands for Uncomplicated Firewall, it is develop to ease iptables firewall configuration. For more information about ufw see: UFW
Gufw
Gufw is a GUI frontend to ufw. By default it is not installed, to install it run the following command from a terminal (Konsole):
sudo apt-get install gufw
For more information about gufw see: Gufw
Altres utilitats interessants
Disponibles als repositoris.
- Filelight creates an interactive map of concentric, segmented rings that help visualise disk usage on your computer.
- Yakuake is a drop-down terminal emulator based on KDE Konsole technology.
- Synaptiks is the KDE touchpad configuration tool.
KDE also brings you utilities, tools, and accessories to ease your work. See Utilities & Tools for more.
Educació
Information on Kubuntu education applications can be found at Education
Desenvolupament
Kubuntu offers the tools developers need, from simple editors to IDEs, many languages, compilers, and version control systems. Development packages are not included by default, but everything mentioned here is available in the repositories.
Aside from the applications mentioned below, KDE offers a number of development utilities and specialized applications, described here.
KDevelop
Kdevelop is an IDE (integrated development environment) for all those developers who want to integrate the tools they need for developing in a comfortable and simple solution. The focus is on C++ and CMake, but it can be used for other languages such as PHP and Python.
QtCreator
Qt Creator is a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) tailored to the needs of Qt developers. It provides:
- Editor de codi C++ i !JavaScript
- Dissenyador IU integrat
- Project and build management tools
- GDB and CDB debugging frontends
- Support for version control, desktop, embedded and mobile targets
Eclipse
Eclipse is an open source community whose projects are focused on building an extensible development platform, runtimes and application frameworks for building, deploying and managing software across the entire software lifecycle. Eclipse is more than a Java IDE.
Code::Blocks
Code::Blocks is a C++ IDE designed to be very extensible and fully configurable.
Editors de text
Some developers use simple editors such as Kate, vim, and emacs.
Desenvolupament Android
For those interested in Android development, `android-tools-adb` and `android-tools-fastboot` are available. Also useful might be this Plasma Active (touch screen development) information.
Control de versions distribuït
Git, Mercurial, and Bazaar are available in the repositories, along with older tools, and add-ons.
Idiomes
All popular languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, Lua, Haskell, Go, Perl, Php and Lisp are available, along with compilers for C++, C, such as g++, gcc and Clang, testing frameworks, toolkits, and other useful packages.
Accessibilitat
Information on KDE accessibility options can be found at Accessibility
Entorns de treball
The software in the KDE SC (Software Compilation) is amazing. These are some of the foundational pieces of software that make it all work:
- Plasma is the KDE workspace, and is a technology that can adapt to many types of devices. Currently there are three varieties of Plasma:
- the Plasma Desktop environment
- the Plasma Netbook environment
- the Plasma Active new, cool environment for pads and smartphones
- KWin is KDE's reliable and flexible window manager with hardware
accelerated effects for added beauty and usability.
- Oxygen li dóna al vostre escriptori un aspecte visual refrescant i impressionant.
- Phonon porta la màgia del so i del vídeo a l'escriptori.
- Solid ajuda a que el maquinari simplement funcioni.
- Nepomuk is about classification, organisation, and presentation of data.
- Akonadi is responsible for providing applications with a centralized database to store, index, and retrieve the user's personal information.