Dolphin 檔案管理
發掘 Dolphin
第一部分將帶您導覽 Dolphin。第二部分涉及不同類型的書籤的概念。第三部分討論檔案管理。最後，我們來看「更酷的東西」。點擊圖片檢視大圖。
一般信息
Dolphin 或是 Konqueror?
This tutorial describes Dolphin for KDE 5. Konqueror was the standard file manager in KDE 2 and 3. You can also use Konqueror as the default file manager in KDE 5. To do this, open System Settings and go to the module. You can select Konqueror or a range of other applications to use as the default file manager.
介紹 Dolphin
Dolphin 是 KDE SC 的檔案管理員。
我會展示如何用 Dolphin 完成一般的檔案管理任務和自定它滿足你的需要。
當我們從Kickoff 選單裡打開 Dolphin，他首先顯示的是開始目錄-通常是家目錄 。
To open a file, or go to a folder just click on it. (This can be changed to double-click in
要選擇和取消選擇檔案/資料夾，懸停滑鼠指針到圖示上，點擊出現的+號來選擇，點-號來取消選擇。像是這樣:
當你點擊+號，檔案/資料夾就會被選中。你可以用這種方法輕易選擇多個檔案（鼠標拖拽矩形選擇檔案也是有效的）。你也可以用Ctrl + 單擊一次一個的選定/取消選定，用Shift + 單擊來連續操作。
多個被選中的文件看起來是這樣的：
新增資料夾:你可以在當前活動的目錄下用滑鼠右鍵菜單新增資料夾，或快捷鍵F10。
Tabs: Dolphin supports tabbed browsing. A new tab can be opened for example from (if you have enabled menu bar), by Ctrl + T or by middle mouse click on folder icon and navigation buttons.
預設點擊任何檔案夾都會啟動 Dolphin。也能在Kickoff 選單裡啟動它。
Location Bar
Dolphin integrates a new concept to use the location bar in a faster and more precise way: therefore a breadcrumb location bar is used. Instead of displaying the complete path only the navigation points starting from one of the places are displayed as buttons. By clicking one of these buttons you navigate directly to this folder. In this way you can reach a parent folder from a sub folder in a very quick way.
在代表檔夾的按鈕之間有一個小的箭頭也是個可點擊的按鈕。點擊這個箭頭你能看到一份列表，列表裏是跟你現在這個目錄同級的所有子目錄（譯者注：這說的是你點當前這個檔夾按鈕前的「箭頭」的情況，其實列表顯示的就是「箭頭」前那個檔夾的所有子檔夾），使你能快速改變目錄。
There is also a classical location bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can right click on the Location Bar and select . If you want the Location bar to become editable, trigger the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + L or select . By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can switch to an editable Location Bar as well. If the editable style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the location bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.
拆分視圖
Dolphin 能夠拆分當前檔夾視圖產生出兩個彼此相鄰的檔夾視圖，參考Midnight Commander。這種流覽方式非常適合從一個檔夾複製或移動檔到另一個檔夾。
You can split the view by clicking on in the tool bar or, if you have enabled menu bar, (keyboard shortcut F3). To change back to only one folder view you can click on or just press F3 again. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.
Of course each view has its own location bar and each view can use a different view mode.
視圖模式
Dolphin supports three different view modes: "Icons", "Details" and "Compact". These can be changed from , via the menu (if menu bar is enabled) or via the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+1 (Icons), Ctrl+2 (Compact) and Ctrl+3 (Details). There is also a button for each view mode in the toolbar and the context menu of the folder view offers a submenu to change the view mode.
圖示
Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in the view mode "Icons". Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This behaviour can be turned on/off via the menu (if menu bar is enabled) or via the main toolbar button . There is a size limit for the file previews. This size limitation can be configured via option . There is also an option to use thumbnails embedded in files. In KDE 4.5 Previews are enabled (and maximum size defined) by . Starting from KDE 4.8, the aforementioned settings can be configured via .
The files in the currently selected folder are sorted in alphabetical order by default. The way of sorting can be changed via menu . The following sort criteria are available:
- Name
- Size
- Date
- Permissions
- Owner
- Group
- Type
- Link Destination
- Path
Additionally the sorting sequence can be defined by or .
There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via or (if menu bar is enabled). In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.
You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via or (if menu bar is enabled). Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.
細節
"細節"視圖模式下對比"圖示"視圖模式默認會顯示許多額外的資訊。所有檔都列在一個表格內。表頭的關聯菜單能夠添加額外的列。可用的列如下：
- 大小
- 日期
- 許可權
- 擁有者
- 群組
- 類型
- Link Destination
- Path
分列 "名稱" 總是顯示的。點擊每個分列的頂部，列表會根據這個分列重新排序。點擊分列頂部，分類序列會復原（譯者注：靠(#‵′) 為什麼我這不會恢復,只會反向再排序一次）。
Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. Plus sign has been replaced by > symbol in newer KDE versions. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which displays a minus now (or an arrow pointing downwards in latest versions), again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. In latest KDE releases, the tree view is enabled by default, but can be deactivated via with option .
分列
View mode "Columns" was inspired by the file manager Finder of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder did not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder was listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This could be used for several hierarchies, so that you could navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system. Since KDE 4.8, view mode "Columns" has been dropped and will not be available in future Dolphin releases.
Setting defaults for all folders
Under (or under the menu item if you have enabled menu bar) you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.
面板
Dolphin contains several panels, which can be activated via menu . Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to unlock panels (right clik on a panel and select ), click on the header and Drag&Drop the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.
在每個面板的標題有兩個按鈕。接近標題的按鈕可以游離(undock)面板。這使得面板成為一個獨立的窗口｢漂浮｣於 Dolphin上。但窗口還是與 Dolphin結合的，不能在沒有 Dolphin時顯示，不能像普通窗口一樣最小化。再次點擊按鈕，面板可以回復停靠。第二個按鈕會關閉面板。
非模態窗口（Non Modal Dialogs）
當移動，複製或刪除檔/目錄，這個對話框甚至會在操作還沒完成的時就消失不見。然後一個進度條便出現在螢幕右下角，之後也會消失，如果你想要查看進度你需要點擊系統託盤裏的一個小的「i」資訊圖示。
如果你接著做某些動作的話，可能會使用不完整的檔結構導致出現損壞的檔。
已經警告過你了！
地址
Dolphin contains a new kind of bookmarks Places. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via (keyboard shortcut F9). The default Places are identical to the ones shown in the category Computer of the K-Menu Kickoff.
点击地址中一个，他就会在当前文件夹视图内打开。右键关联菜单能够编辑「地址」或再次删除它们。同样能临时隐藏个别的条目。
檔夾的關聯菜單能用來添加這個檔夾作為一個條目到「地址」面板，有個菜單項是。你也能拖放一個檔夾到「地址」面板。
地址面板也包含了鏈接到可移動設備比如USB-keys或CD的條目。如果設備被掛載會顯示一個小的「插頭圖示指示」。關聯菜單能夠卸載這個設備。
「地址」被使用作為「麵包屑導航欄」中的基礎，導航欄中顯示的地址，起點就是「地址」中與其有關的最近的父檔夾。
資訊
The information panel can be activated via (keyboard shortcut F11). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.
資訊面板提供了給檔評星級，添加注釋或標記檔的可能性。這是為桌面提供語義網路特性的語義桌面Nepomuk的一種介面。自KDE 4.2後，可以通過搜索「標記」（tags）搜索語義鏈接。現在的「標記」（tags）僅給了對未來版本的一個展望。
檔案夾
A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via (keyboard shortcut F7). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the > and ˇ signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.
終端
The terminal emulator Konsole can be displayed directly in Dolphin via (keyboard shortcut F4). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in Dolphin. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. Shift + F4 opens Konsole in new window.
Bookmarks and Places
In KDE3 you could create bookmarks in Konqueror, but they were not available to any other application. KDE SC 4.x opens up a great deal more flexibility - but that inevitably means more complication. In fact KDE SC 4 has three classes of Bookmarks, which need to be differentiated. They reside in different files, and have different functions.
Three kinds of bookmark
First, there is the set of bookmarks available only to Konqueror - web bookmarks. These are stored in ~/.kde/share/apps/konqueror/bookmarks.xml. Then there is a set which Dolphin calls Places. This set is available to all applications as well as the Dolphin file manager. Every time you use you will see this set. The third set of bookmarks are Application Bookmarks. These share one file, regardless of the application that set them, and are available to all applications, unless you restrain them to a specific application. More of that later.
Enable bookmarks
In most distros Bookmarks are not enabled by default. In order to use bookmarks we first have to enable them. Open a in most KDE applications and you will see, at the right-hand edge of the icon panel, a spanner or wrench. From the drop-down list, choose .
There is a default set of Places -
- Home
- Network
- Root
- Trash
but you can add other places. In Dolphin, right-click on a folder and select , or just drag a folder onto Places.
By default this "Place" will be visible in all applications. If you want to keep it constrained to Dolphin, you need to right-click on the new name in the Places list, where you will find the option to Edit it. There is a check-box for .
You can see the result of that command if you read ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfileplaces/bookmarks.xml.
In some applications too there is an option in the File menu to add a folder to Places. At this stage, however, applications vary in which features are available. The important thing to remember is that the default is for Places items to be available to all applications in the dialogue.
Bookmarks in applications
This is the second class of bookmarks. Remember opening and using the spanner/wrench? Next to it is a yellow star. This is the bookmark management menu.
Here you can define bookmarks that will be visible in the same menu on any application. They are stored in one file, ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml, which is used by all applications having that menu.
Constraining to one application
Some applications allow you to edit items in the Places menu. For instance, if in Gwenview you right click on a folder in Places you can set an option to .
If you need to constrain to an application that does not yet allow you to do that, the only way left is to edit the file ~/.kde/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml. Immediately before the </metadata> tag you will need to add the line
<OnlyInApp>appname</OnlyInApp>
Archive Management in Dolphin
Managing archives now becomes simple. In any directory in Dolphin, highlight the files that you want to compress, and right-click. Here, using the Compress option, you can elect to create a RAR archive, a Gzipped tar archive, or define another compression mode that you have already set up.
Similarly, if you right-click on an existing archived file you get a range of actions added to the right-click menu. You can extract the archive to the current folder, to an autodetected subfolder or to another place of your choosing.
Should you wish to add files to an existing archive, you can choose .
More Cool Actions
Change a File Association on-the-fly
Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice?
You can, for one, alter this in . This is the same as running kcmshell5 filetypes in a Konsole.
Alternatively, if you want to change multiple associations right quick, you would edit the *.desktop file directly, e.g. the file /usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Builder.desktop . For example, Gnome Builder associates with a great number of file-types which may not be desirable. So the line
MimeType=application/javascript; # we do not want all of these ....
may be shortened or commented out with # . Maybe a line
InitialPreference=2 X-KDE-InitialPreference=3
in the builder.desktop file helps to keep your previous default associated app, with builder being only secondary or tertiary option.
Thirdly, Dolphin and Konqueror offer a quick method for changing a single association:
Right-click on the file and select . The first line there is descriptive, something like:
Type: XML document
At the same level, on the right, there is a spanner (wrench). Click on that and you can add or change an association.
Similarly, by working on a folder, you can change the default file manager to/from Konqueror, if you choose, or add another image browser to the possible associations.
The sub-menu opens up a whole lot more cool things to do from Dolphin. Some possibilities only appear when applicable to the file you have selected. An apps .desktop file below /usr/share/applications defines what actions are applicable for a particular type of file. Some of the options are
- Convert an image file to a different format
- Preview the file
- Download a remote file with KGet
- Sign and/or encrypt the file, according to the encryption software installed
Encode and copy audio CD tracks
- Insert an audio CD
- Navigate to this CD in Dolphin: it must appear as "Volume" in your Dolphin 'Places' or you can reach it by typing audiocd:/ in the address bar.
You now notice that Dolphin is proposing a WAV file for each track, plus:
- a CDA folder containing indexing information in the usual CDA format.
- a Whole CD folder, containing one file for each format (.cda, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav) holding all the tracks
- a FLAC folder, containing the tracks encoded into FLAC format (lossless information format)
- an Information folder containing the CDDB informations
- an MP3 folder, containing all the tracks in MP3 format
- a Ogg Vorbis folder, containing the tracks encoded in OGG format
You then just have to copy the folder of your choice, in your preferred format to obtain the relative encoded version of your CD!
timeline:/ and have your recent files as startup folder
In a current (2017, Version 16.08.3 of) dolphin (with baloo up and running), you can start up dolphin with a view of recently modified files: Just navigate to the address/location of timeline:/today/ (copy paste it to the address bar) or use it as dolphin start-up-folder in dolphin-settings. With older versions of dolphin, this required the below manual steps:
Dolphin has access to a large number of file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves). One of those is provided by the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk). Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named history. You can navigate to it by entering timeline:/ in the location bar.
One particularly neat thing there is the ability to have the Today folder from the timeline:/ protocol in the Places sidebar (you can just drag it there!). You can then change the name and icon (do a right click on the new Today entry and choose ).
It could be very useful to have this view of recently used files immediately when you start Dolphin. Unfortunately, as of Dolphin 2.1 (part of KDE SC 4.9) this is not possible without editing the Dolphin configuration file. See this blog for more details on that.
To edit the configuration file, first close all Dolphin windows. Dolphin will save its configuration upon closing, overwriting any changes you might make!
Then use KRunner (Alt + F2) to edit ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc (or ~/.kde/share/config/dolphinrc, depending on your distribution) with KWrite as follows: kwrite ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc. You can of course use any other editor as well, like Kate. In the configuration file, locate the [General] section to edit the HomeUrl into: HomeUrl=timeline:/today and save the file. You should now have the today view as default and have the files you're most often looking for at your fingertips!