Глоссарий

From KDE Wiki Sandbox
Revision as of 13:48, 10 January 2011 by Nib952051 (talk | contribs) (Created page with "===KControl=== :''Центр управления KDE'', для установки глобальных настроек в KDE 3. Был заменен на интерфейс [...")

Главная >> Введение >> Глоссарий

На этой странице содержится нетехническая справка вместе со ссылками для получения дополнительной информации или демонстрации.

Основной обзор

KDE 4.0 визуальное руководство: и 4.1 скринкаст дают отличный обзор KDE Software Compilation 4 в первые дни.

Этот глоссарий предназначен для того, чтобы найти свой путь через туман новых названий и понятий. В некоторых случаях можно будет найти ссылки из компонентов KDE 3 на их аналоги из состава приложений KDE SC 4.

Комнаты

Комнаты представляют собой наборы виджетов Plasma с их собственными обоями рабочего стола. Немного похоже на виртуальные рабочие столы, но не совсем.
For example you have a "work activity" with commit rss feeds, a note with your TODO, a Folder View with your work related files, and a subtle wallpaper.
Next to it, you have your "freetime activity", with previews of family photos and dogs, rss feeds from your favourite blogs, a Folder View showing your movie collection, a twitter applet and of course that Iron Maiden wallpaper you have been loving since the early 80s.
At 1700 hours sharp you switch from the "work activity" to your "freetime activity".
Дополнительная информация:
Создание комнат

Akonadi

Механизм доступа к данным в хранилище для всех PIM (менеджер личной информации) приложений KDE SC 4. Это одно единственное хранилище с поисковой системой, характеризуемое эффективностью и расширяемостью, не доступными в KDE 3, где каждый PIM компонент имел свою собственную систему. Обратите внимание, что использование Akonadi не изменяет форматы хранения данных (vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir и т.д.) - только предоставляет новый способ доступа и обновления данных.
Главные причины создания и разработки Akonadi носят технический характер, например, иметь единообразный способ доступа к личным данным (контактам, календарю, электронной почте..) из разных приложений (в том числе kmail, kword..), приводящее к избавлению от написания дублирующегося кода в разных местах.
Другое преимущество - отделить приложения с графическим пользовательским интерфейсом, такие как kmail от прямого доступа к внешним ресурсам, таким как почтовые сервера - что являлось главной причиной для для отправки пожеланий в отношении производительности и отзывчивости в прошлом.
Дополнительная информация:
Akonadi для KDE PIM
Wikipedia - Akonadi
Techbase - Akonadi

aRts

Аудио фреймворк KDE 2 и 3. Его однозадачная природа приводила к проблемам, когда появлялись два источника звука. В среде Plasma он был заменен технологией Phonon
Дополнительная информация:
Wikipedia - aRts
Домашняя страница aRts

Containment

A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
The end result is that you can group widgets within a Containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.

D-Bus

Система межпроцессного взаимодействия. Разработанная RedHat, она была под сильным влиянием системы DCOP из KDE3, которую и заменила.
Дополнительная информация:
FreeDesktop.org: Что такое D-Bus?
Wikipedia: D-Bus

Dolphin

Файловый менеджер KDE SC 4 по умолчанию. Имеет в наличие боковую панель (Места), нов основном навигация осуществляется через breadcrumb в верхней части главного окна. Позволяет соединять окна, и разные представления вида могут быть назначены в разных окнах. Монтирование и извлечение USB устройств можно осуществлять в боковой панели. В Места на боковой панели можно добавлять другие папки. Представление в виде Дерева тоже возможно.
Дополнительная информация:
Wikipedia - Dolphin
Путь к KDE 4: Dolphin и Konqueror
Ars Technica: Первый взгляд на Dolphin
Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin
Представление KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin
Руководство по управлению файлами на UserBase

Extender

Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that arrived in Plasma for KDE 4.2. Notifications already use this system. This enables, for example, a user to drag a notification of a download or file copy job, onto his or her desktop and keep track of it there. The same can be done for other kinds of notifications, too.
Дополнительная информация:
Скриншоты макета
Компоненты Plasma

Flake

Flake - программная библиотека планируемая к использованию в KOffice2. Функционально, она предоставляет формы к отображению содержимого и инструменты для управления содержимым. Формы могут быть увеличены или повёрнуты и объединены для работы в одну форму, вокруг которой обтекает текст, если это возможно.
Дополнительная информация:
KOffice Wiki - Flake

Get Hot New Stuff

Get Hot New Stuff (GHNS) открытый стандарт, позволяющий легко загружать и устанавливать различные дополнения для приложений. Реализация GHNS используется в Plasma (например, для получения новых тем оформления), и многими приложениями и виджетами.
Дополнительная информация:
Домашняя страница GHNS
Статья о GHNS в KDE SC 4

Домашняя папка

Это место в системе где хранятся все файлы пользователя. Конечно можно записывать свои файлы в других местах, но все приложения настроены, таким образом чтобы предложить эту папку как место, куда записывать файлы. И все просто если в ней хранятся все файлы.
Дополнительная информация:
Wikipedia - Домашняя папка

KControl

Центр управления KDE, для установки глобальных настроек в KDE 3. Был заменен на интерфейс системные настройки KDE SC 4.

KDOM

A KPart module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. KSVG2 is built on KDOM for KDE SC 4.

KHTML

KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE Plasma desktop, as used by the Konqueror browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. A new introduction, Qt WebKit is also for Plasma and other application development.

Kicker

In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the Panel), on which application launchers, the Pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See Panel

Kickoff

In KDE SC 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. "Favorites" replaces the "Most used applications" in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE SC 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
More info:
Kickoff Sneak Preview
Design documentation

KJS

KDE platform's JavaScript engine.

KInfoCenter

Kinfocenter originated as part of KControl standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE SC 4 up until 4.4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid, and is being reintroduced as an application in KDE SC 4.5.
More Info:
Wikipedia - KInfoCenter

KIO

KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
More info:
Wikipedia - KIO
Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves
Breaking the Network Barrier

Kiosk

Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the administration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.

KPart

A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.

Kross

Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.

KRunner

The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
More info:
Youtube - KDE SC 4.1 KRunner

KSVG

KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.

KWin

KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
More info:
Road to KDE 4: KWin Composite
KDE SC 4 Desktop Effects Video Tour
Youtube - KDE SC 4.0 KWin Composite Showcast
Youtube - KWin compositing config & intro

Mini-CLI

See KRunner

Nepomuk

"Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge", Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
More info:
Wikipedia - Semantic Desktop
Wikipedia - NEPOMUK Framework
NEPOMUK website
NEPOMUK KDE
Userbase Nepomuk page

Oxygen

Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring "a breath of fresh air" to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
More info:
Wikipedia - Oxygen Project
Oxygen Icons

Pager

A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.

Panel

See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name "kicker" is dropped, and the name "panel" is the norm. "Applets"; are largely replaced by Widgets

Phonon

A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
More info:
Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)
Phonon website

Plasma

In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
More info:
Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)
Plasma website
The Plasma main page
The Plasma FAQ's
Youtube - Plasma Applets Galore (Part 1)
Liquidat's Blog

Qt

(Pronounced "cute") A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
More info:
The Qt Toolkit
Qt Demo Videos

Solid

Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into "domains". The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack. Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
More Info:
Discover Solid
Solid Brings Hardware Configuration and Control to the KDE platform

Soprano

Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
More info:
More about Nepomuk-KDE: Soprano and KDE platform integration

Strigi

A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
More info:
Strigi - the fastest and smallest desktop searching program
Wikipedia - Strigi

System Settings

KDE SC 4 replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE platform.
More info:
KDE SC 4 System Settings illustrated

Threadweaver

This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
More info:
Why Multithreading? (Technical article)

Virtual Desktops

A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.

WebKit

HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE SC 4, where it is available through Qt.
More info:
The Webkit home page
Wikipedia - Webkit

Widget

Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).

X-Server

The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.

XMLGUI

A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
More info:
Wikipedia - XMLGUI
Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets

ZUI

The "Zooming User Interface". "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
More info:
Youtube ZUI demo
Back to the Introduction page