Glossary/zh-tw: Difference between revisions
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: | :KDE3中，可定位的一欄，通常在屏幕底部（有時候又稱[[#Panel|面板]])，上面有程式啟動器，[[#Pager|分頁器]]以及啟動程式駐留的按鈕。查看[[#面板|面板]] | ||
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Revision as of 06:23, 9 June 2010
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這個頁面提供了非技術性的參考，同時帶有指向更詳細資料或解釋的鏈接。
概述
KDE 4.0 圖形指南 和4.1 影片 給了早期的KDE軟體匯集（Software Compilation 簡稱SC）4一個極好的概述。
以下的詞彙打算幫你穿越新名稱和新概念的迷霧。在有些情況下，你能找到KDE3組件到與他對等的關聯的KDE SC 4軟體的鏈接。
- 活動
- 活動（Activities）是一系列擁有自己壁紙的Plasma元件。有點類似虛擬桌面，但不完全是。 （譯者註：虛擬桌面變的是程式窗口，活動變的是窗口的背景-桌面，比如說壁紙，圖示，元件）
- 比如你有一個「工作活動」： 帶有rss訂閱信息，你的一份TODO筆記，一個帶有與你工作有關文件的文件夾視圖和一幅微妙的壁紙。
- 在他旁邊,你還有另一個「空閒時間活動」，帶著家庭照片和狗照片的預覽，你最愛的博客的rss訂閱信息，一個展示你的電影收藏的文件夾視圖，一個twitter小元件,當然還有從80年代初喜愛至今的鐵娘子樂隊(Iron Maiden)的壁紙。
- 在17：00整點的時候你從「工作活動」切換到「空閒時間活動」中。
- 更多信息:
- Akonadi
- 為KDE SC 4中所有的PIM (Personal Information Manager 個人信息管理套件)數據設計的數據存儲訪問機制。單一的存儲和檢索系統帶來了KDE3時無法給與的效率和可擴展性，KDE3下每個PIM組件都是有各自的系統。注意採用Akonadi並不會改變數據的存儲格式(vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir 等.) - 它只是提供一種訪問和更新數據的新方式。
- 設計開發Akonadi的主要原因是技術方面，例如從不同的程式（例如kmail，kword。。）用一種統一的方式訪問PIM數據（聯繫人，日程表，emails。。。），因此無需到處編寫類似的代碼。
- 另一個目標是將圖形程式像是kmail從直接訪問外部資源比如mail-servers（郵件服務器）中脫離- 這是過去有關性能/響應（performance/responsiveness）的bug回報/願望的主要原因。
- aRts
- KDE 2和3的聲音框架。他的單任務特性在兩個聲源遭遇時會引起問題。 Plasma桌面中被 Phonon 取代。
- 更多信息:
- 容器
- 容器（Containment）是元件(widget)的頂層組合。每個容器管理他的與其他容器獨立的一系列元件的佈局和配置數據。
- 最終結果是你能根據對你工作模式的意義來組合多個元件到一個容器內，而不是根據目錄分組。
- D-Bus
- 一個服務間的消息系統(inter-service messaging system)。由RedHat開發，深受KDE3的DCOP系統的影響而且在KDE4中取代DCOP。
- Dolphin
- KDE SC 4的默認檔案管理員。他擁有側邊面板，導航主要依靠主窗口上的「麵包屑（breadcrumb）」路徑。支持拆分窗口，視圖可以單獨應用到個別的窗口。可以在側邊面板中掛載和卸載USB設備。其他目錄也能添加到「地址」面板。樹形結構視圖也有提供。
- 更多信息:
- 擴展
- 擴展（Extenders）是一類特殊的從例如Plasma面板伸長出來的彈出物（伸長這詞好糟糕啊）。擴展有可拆分部分。擴展是KDE SC 4.2引入Plasma的新概念。「通知」已經使用這一系統。比如在用戶下載任務或檔案復制任務時啟用追蹤任務進度。這也會用于其他各種通知。
- Flake
- Flake是應用在KOffice2上的編程函數庫（programming library）。功能上，它提供用來顯示內容「形狀（Shapes）」和操作內容的工具。形狀可以縮放或旋轉，可以組合多個形狀成單個形狀，可以圍繞形狀製作文本流（text flow）。
- 更多信息:
- 獲得百寶箱
- 獲得百寶箱（Get Hot New Stuff，簡稱GHNS）是個開放的標準，使得使用者能容易的下載和安裝各種程式的擴展。我們的GHNS實現被應用在Plasma中（舉例來說像獲得新的桌面主題），以及很多應用程式和元件。
- 更多信息:
- Home目錄(主文件夾)
- 這是系統內存放你所有文件的地方。你可以在這個文件夾之外存放文件，但是所有的程式都設置成建議保存文件到這個文件夾內。保存東西在這更容易些。
- 更多信息:
- KControl
- 在KDE 3中控制中心（KDE Control Center）用作設置全局性偏好。在KDE4中被系統設定介面取代。
- KHTML
- KHTML 是KDE Plasma桌面的HTML渲染引擎，被使用在Konqueror瀏覽器中。它也提供一個KPart以使得所有的KDE程式都能顯示網頁內容。新的引進，Qt Webkit也能用於Plasma和其他程式的開發。
- Kickoff
- In KDE SC 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. 'Favorites' replaces the 'Most used applications' in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE SC 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
- More info:
- KJS
- KDE platform's JavaScript engine.
- KInfoCenter
- Kinfocenter originated as part of Kcontrol standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE SC 4 up until 4.4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid, and is being reintroduced as an application in KDE SC 4.5.
- More Info:
- KIO
- KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
- Kiosk
- Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the adminisration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.
- KPart
- A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.
- Kross
- Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.
- KRunner
- The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
- More info:
- KSVG
- KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.
- KWin
- KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
- More info:
- Mini-CLI
- See KRunner
- Nepomuk
- 'Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge', Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
- More info:
- Oxygen
- Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring 'a breath of fresh air' to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
- More info:
- Pager
- A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.
- Panel
- See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name 'kicker' is dropped, and the name 'panel' is the norm. 'Applets' are largely replaced by Widgets
- Phonon
- A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
- More info:
- Plasma
- In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
- More info:
- Qt
- (Pronounced 'cute') A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
- More info:
- Solid
- Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into 'domains'. The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
- Soprano
- Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
- Strigi
- A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
- System Settings
- KDE SC 4's replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE platform.
- More info:
- Threadweaver
- This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
- More info:
- Virtual Desktops
- A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.
- WebKit
- HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE SC 4, where it is available through Qt.
- More info:
- Widget
- Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).
- X-Server
- The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.
- XMLGUI
- A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
- More info:
- ZUI
- The Zooming User Interface. "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
- More info:
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