術語表

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首頁 >> KDE介紹 >> 術語

這個頁面提供了非技術性的參考,同時帶有指向更詳細資料或解釋的鏈接。

概述

KDE 4.0 圖形指南4.1 影片 給了早期的KDE軟體匯集(Software Compilation 簡稱SC)4一個極好的概述。

以下的詞彙打算幫你穿越新名稱和新概念的迷霧。在有些情況下,你能找到KDE3組件到與他對等的關聯的KDE SC 4軟體的鏈接。


活動
活動(Activities)是一系列擁有自己壁紙的Plasma元件。有點類似虛擬桌面,但不完全是。 (譯者註:虛擬桌面變的是程式窗口,活動變的是窗口的背景-桌面,比如說壁紙,圖示,元件)
比如你有一個「工作活動」: 帶有rss訂閱信息,你的一份TODO筆記,一個帶有與你工作有關文件的文件夾視圖和一幅微妙的壁紙。
在他旁邊,你還有另一個「空閒時間活動」,帶著家庭照片和狗照片的預覽,你最愛的博客的rss訂閱信息,一個展示你的電影收藏的文件夾視圖,一個twitter小元件,當然還有從80年代初喜愛至今的鐵娘子樂隊(Iron Maiden)的壁紙。
在17:00整點的時候你從「工作活動」切換到「空閒時間活動」中。
更多信息:
創建活動


Akonadi
為KDE SC 4中所有的PIM (Personal Information Manager 個人信息管理套件)數據設計的數據存儲訪問機制。單一的存儲和檢索系統帶來了KDE3時無法給與的效率和可擴展性,KDE3下每個PIM組件都是有各自的系統。注意採用Akonadi並不會改變數據的存儲格式(vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir 等.) - 它只是提供一種訪問和更新數據的新方式。
設計開發Akonadi的主要原因是技術方面,例如從不同的程式(例如kmail,kword。。)用一種統一的方式訪問PIM數據(聯繫人,日程表,emails。。。),因此無需到處編寫類似的代碼。
另一個目標是將圖形程式像是kmail從直接訪問外部資源比如mail-servers(郵件服務器)中脫離- 這是過去有關性能/響應(performance/responsiveness)的bug回報/願望的主要原因。
更多信息:
Akonadi for KDE's PIM
維基百科- Akonadi
Techbase - Akonadi


aRts
KDE 2和3的聲音框架。他的單任務特性在兩個聲源遭遇時會引起問題。 Plasma桌面中被 Phonon 取代。
更多信息:
維基百科- aRts
aRts主頁


容器
容器(Containment)是元件(widget)的頂層組合。每個容器管理他的與其他容器獨立的一系列元件的佈局和配置數據。
The end result is that you can group widgets within a Containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.


D-Bus
An inter-service messaging system. Developed by RedHat, it was heavily influenced by KDE3's DCOP, which it supercedes.
More info:
FreeDesktop.org: What is D-Bus?
Wikipedia: D-Bus


Dolphin
The default file manager in KDE SC 4. It has a side panel (Places), but navigation is mainly by the 'breadcrumb' trail above the main window. Split windows are possible, and views can be applied to individual windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel. Other directories can be added to the Places panel. A Tree view is also possible.
More info:
Wikipedia - Dolphin (software)
Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror
Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin
Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin
Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin
The UserBase File Management Tutorial
Extender
Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that arrived in Plasma for KDE 4.2. Notifications already use this system. This enables, for example, a user to drag a notification of a download or file copy job, onto his or her desktop and keep track of it there. The same can be done for other kinds of notifications, too.
More info:
Mockup Screenshots
The Elements of Plasma


Flake
Flake is a programming library to be used in KOffice2. Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped to work as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.
More info:
KOffice Wiki - Flake


Get Hot New Stuff
Get Hot New Stuff (GHNS) is an open standard that makes it easy for users to download and install various extensions for their applications. Our implementation of GHNS is used by Plasma (for example to get new desktop themes), and by many applications and widgets.
More info:
Home of GHNS
An article on GHNS in KDE SC 4


Home Directory
That's the place in your system where all your files are kept. You can write your files outside of this folder, but all applications are configured to propose this folder as place to write your files to. It is easier when you keep your things here.
More info:
Wikipedia - Home directory


KControl
KDE Control Center, for setting global preferences in KDE 3. Replaced by the System Settings interface in KDE SC 4.


KDOM
A KPart module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. KSVG2 is built on KDOM for KDE SC 4.


KHTML
KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE Plasma desktop, as used by the Konqueror browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. A new introduction, Qt WebKit is also for Plasma and other application development.


Kicker
In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the Panel), on which application launchers, the Pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See Panel


Kickoff
In KDE SC 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. 'Favorites' replaces the 'Most used applications' in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE SC 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
More info:
Kickoff Sneak Preview
Design documentation
KJS
KDE platform's JavaScript engine.


KInfoCenter
Kinfocenter originated as part of Kcontrol standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE SC 4 up until 4.4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid, and is being reintroduced as an application in KDE SC 4.5.
More Info:
Wikipedia - KInfoCenter


KIO
KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
More info:
Wikipedia - KIO
Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves
Breaking the Network Barrier


Kiosk
Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the adminisration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.


KPart
A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.


Kross
Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.


KRunner
The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
More info:
Youtube - KDE SC 4.1 KRunner


KSVG
KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.


KWin
KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
More info:
Road to KDE 4: KWin Composite
KDE SC 4 Desktop Effects Video Tour
Youtube - KDE SC 4.0 KWin Composite Showcast
Youtube - KWin compositing config & intro


Mini-CLI
See KRunner


Nepomuk
'Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge', Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
More info:
Wikipedia - Semantic Desktop
Wikipedia - NEPOMUK Framework
NEPOMUK website
NEPOMUK KDE
Userbase Nepomuk page
Oxygen
Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring 'a breath of fresh air' to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
More info:
Wikipedia - Oxygen Project
Oxygen Icons


Pager
A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.


Panel
See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name 'kicker' is dropped, and the name 'panel' is the norm. 'Applets' are largely replaced by Widgets


Phonon
A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
More info:
Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)
Phonon website


Plasma
In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
More info:
Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)
Plasma website
Plasma FAQ
Youtube - Plasma Applets Galore (Part 1)
Liquidat's Blog


Qt
(Pronounced 'cute') A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
More info:
The Qt Toolkit
Qt Demo Videos
Solid
Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into 'domains'. The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
More Info:
Discover Solid
Solid Brings Hardware Configuration and Control to the KDE platform


Soprano
Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
More info:
More about Nepomuk-KDE: Soprano and KDE platform integration


Strigi
A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
More info:
Strigi - the fastest and smallest desktop searching program
Wikipedia - Strigi


System Settings
KDE SC 4's replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE platform.
More info:
KDE SC 4 System Settings illustrated


Threadweaver
This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
More info:
Why Multithreading? (Technical article)


Virtual Desktops
A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.


WebKit
HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE SC 4, where it is available through Qt.
More info:
The Webkit home page
Wikipedia - Webkit


Widget
Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).


X-Server
The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.


XMLGUI
A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
More info:
Wikipedia - XMLGUI
Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets


ZUI
The Zooming User Interface. "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
More info:
Youtube ZUI demo



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