Asking Questions/ru

Использование IRC для получения помощи

Вот вам несколько советов, как задавать вопросы (в особенности в канале #kde на Freenode), чтобы получить ответы побыстрее:

• Если нужно о чем-то спросить — спрашивайте: #kde — это канал технической поддержки и мы действительно надеемся, что вы будете задавать вопросы — так что не стесняйтесь .

• Be ready with as much relevant details about your system as you can find: Questions you are likely to be asked are:
  • What distribution do you use (and what version?) e.g. Kubuntu 12.1
  • what version of KDE you are running — if you don't know, open Konsole and type kde4-config --kde-version and look at the version numbers given there
  • how you installed it — mostly likely from your distribution repositories.

You probably won't need to give all of this information straight away, but if you know how to find it quickly it often helps

Попробуйте разобраться с проблемой сами, прежде чем спрашивать: Google — ваш лучший друг (если сделать запрос по сбою, который у вас случился, часто можно найти много полезного). Почитайте страницу Устранение неполадок в работе KDE - и это прежде всего, так как на канале #kde вам в любом случае ответят что-то очень похожее .

• Also, try to make sure that the problem you're having is a problem with KDE and not some other component of your system (for example, a problem with X or with ALSA). If possible, try an alternative, non-KDE application to see whether the problem also occurs there. Of course, if you're not sure, please ask.

• Use the Forum. Try asking a question on the forum. If the discussion brings up interesting information you might add it to UserBase, so that it can help others.

• Be prepared to wait! Often on IRC, someone will notice your question a little while after you ask it, so wait around for a while after you ask. There's nothing more annoying than typing out a long answer for someone, only to realise that they left 3 minutes after asking their question! In some cases there could be hours between your question being asked and someone who knows the answer coming on-line (remember that KDE users are all over the world) so sometimes you just have to ask again at a different time of day.

• Если на #kde получить ответ не вышло, попробуйте задать его на канале IRC вашего дистрибутива (к примеру, #suse, #kde-freebsd, и т.п.), или в соответствующем списке рассылки: см. lists.kde.org или на форуме.

• И прежде всего, будьте вежливы и терпеливы. Помните, все, кто взялся помочь — сделали это добровольно, и могли бы делать что-то другое, а не помогать вам.

If your problem is with sound in KDE, you might want to first read Sound Problems.

If your question relates to development, please see KDE TechBase's contribute page

Because KDE is so actively developed, changes arrive very frequently, so don't be surprised if you can't find any written information. Ask in IRC, the Forum or a mailing list, and when you have an answer, register an account on UserBase and add the information to the relevant page. At the same time as learning about your system you will be helping others do the same

The forums

Another great place to get help is the KDE Community Forums. It is always a good idea to search the forums first. Maybe your question has already been answered. If not, find an appropriate forum and start a thread. Don't expect an immediate answer, but remember to come back regularly to participate in the discussion as it gets going. Remember that the forums are run by users like yourself.

The KDE Community forums offer a "guided post" feature that can help you post your question in the appropriate forum, increasing the chance of having it seen by people knowledgeable on the matter. It is accessible as a large "New Post" button on the forums' homepage, so if you have any doubts, that is the place to start.

The forums have an extensive search feature: prior to posting try finding if your question has already been answered, or there are hints that might help you solve your issue. If there is no satisfactory solution for your problem, make a new post. To search, enter keywords in the upper right box of any forum page. By default this will search the whole forums. For extended searches, click on the "Search" link under the "KDE Community Forums" banner.

If your question has been properly answered, consider marking a topic as "solved". It is a very little step, but quite helpful for other users and staff, because it tells them that there are no more issues. To mark a topic as solved, choose the topic with the best answer in the thread, and click the green tick mark under it. If you go back to the topic list you will notice a green tick mark next to the topic's title as well.

Most distributions have forums of their own; these can also be valuable. The web pages of your distribution should provide links to its forums.

Вопросы по операционным системам

For questions relating to the desktop use of KDE with a particular operating system (OS), you can try the above methods, but unless the question directly involves KDE or KDE/GNU/Linux you are unlikely to find the answer. If your question does not directly involve KDE, please do not post the question on the "normal" KDE mailing lists. An example of questions that do not directly involve KDE is "my sound card does not work". In that case, please direct your questions at sites devoted to helping users of that system. For example, for GNU/Linux questions you may try looking at www.linuxnewbie.org or www.linuxnewbie.com, or the kde-linux mailing list mentioned above.

Если вы пользуетесь не GNU/Linux, возможно стоит обратиться в рассылку kde-nonlinux (подписаться). Также, вам поможет ваш любимый поисковик Google, и поиск по архивам Usenet.

In addition, many OS distributors have their own mailing lists which can address distribution-specific issues. You can find out more about these mailing lists at your distribution's website or find them through your browser search engine.

If you are searching for packages you may consider checking the ftp servers for your distribution, including the "contrib" sections, as well as indexing servers such as rpmfind.net. Wherever possible, install the package that your distro offers directly through its package manager.

Отчеты об ошибках в KDE

Reporting bugs is a small but valuable contribution to KDE, and there's a website where you can report any bug or feature request you have about KDE: bugs.kde.org. The only requirement on your side is basic knowledge of English. With that, and following some additional guidelines, you'll be able to report helpful bug reports and thus help the whole KDE community and yourself.

The first thing you need is to open an account in the website. You can start here. Once you have a validated account, you can report.

There are usually two different situations to report a bug:

• You notice something which is not working properly or not working at all, a bad design, a missed functionality... If this is your case, open the application Help -> Report Bug... menu. You will then be guided to bugs.kde.org. Some information will be automatically picked up, like the application version number.

• Your program disappears and another window appears named "The KDE crash Handler". Don't get scared! You will be guided to efficiently report this crash. The link in the dialog "Learn more about bug reporting" will explain you the process. If you choose to report the problem, click on Report Bug and an assistant will guide you through the steps. The requisite to report a crash is to have your distribution debug packages installed in order to provide a valid backtrace.

And these are a few tips on how to write good bug reports:

• Write it in English. You can switch every KDE application language through Help -> Switch Application Language..., so go there and choose American English as the primary language. Then restart the application. That can help you in explaining what happens.

• Be specific. One bug per report only! Do not mix different problems in the same report.

• Be clear. Explain the steps that lead to the bug so that we can reproduce them easily.

• Include screenshots: a picture is worth many words so attach a screenshot to the bug report. You can use KSnapshot to take screenshots. Also, do not link to an external web link which can expire, use the Attachments link at the bottom of the bug report.

• Include the backtrace within the bug report as a comment, it makes it easier to find duplicates for us (do not attach the backtrace as a text file).

• Clearly separate facts from speculation: only describe what happens. For a design problem, include a mock-up if possible.

If you are testing trunk or the beta, if you kept your precedent settings, sometimes you will want to check with a new user.

Also notice that Forums have a section about Beta Releases.

A good guide to bug reporting can be found here.

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Как открыть консоль

В большинстве случаев, когда вы спрашиваете о какой-то своей проблеме в IRC, человек, который возьмётся вам помочь, скорее всего попросит открыть консоль. Консоль — это окно текстового терминала, где вы можете писать команды, которые ваш компьютер в последствии выполнит. Вы можете открыть консоль следующим образом: нажмите ALT+F2. Появится окно со строкой ввода. Введите

konsole

И откроется консоль. Если этот способ не сработал — возможно, это приложение не установлено. В этом случае, нажмите ALT+F2 и введите

xterm

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